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Remembered Today:

United States aero squadrons in the UK


Moonraker

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Am I correct in thinking that there are no on-line sources of information about  US aero squadrons in the UK, including a list of them? (I appreciate there might be accounts of some individual units.)

An American dealer is breaking up and selling a collection of covers used by aero squadron members to write home. It included some ten examples from Wiltshire airfields. TBH they aren't very exciting: sometimes there's a circular censor's stamp or censor tape, details of the sender and his unit in the top left-hand corner, and the postmark is usually that of the nearest town or village.

But, air personnel apart, very few Americans were in Wiltshire during the war, so I was happy to buy three. The lowest-priced, about $8, was not from an airman but an officer in the Corps of Engineers at Codford, which was not an airfield, but from late 1918 an Air Service Rest Camp that, according to the write-up on the album page, "was infrequently used by small groups of non-Air Service personnel".

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Here's a list that I prepared a number of years ago as part of the preparation for the 'Gazetteer of Flying Sites in the UK and Ireland' which appeared as instalments in the CCI journal. Place names that were not aerodromes/seaplane stations are marked with an asterisk.

 

 

USAS UNITS

 

The USA was initially incapable of providing training for its expanding air services upon its joining the war in April 1917. Agreement was reached for American aircrew to train with RFC training units and be given postings to operational squadrons, pending the formation and ‘working up’ of USAS squadrons. This continued after the formation of the RAF but diminished as the USAS opened its own training units at home and in France.

The actual American squadrons designated for operations on the continent were attached to RFC and RAF stations in Britain, in order to familiarise ground personnel with administrative and maintenance procedures. These squadrons ‘worked up’ in the UK and were then posted to France, where machines were issued and aircrew returned from RFC/RAF units.

USN personnel, both aircrew and ground crew, were similarly attached to RNAS and RAF Marine Operations stations in the UK. The Marine Operations station at Killingholme was transferred to the USN as a flying boat station 7.1918 and similar stations opened in Ireland. Six flights of DH6 were intended for operation by the USN in Ireland.

 

2nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Flower Down*, Winchester 9.12.1917.

Commanding Officers

 

8th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Flower Down*, Winchester 8.12.1917. To Joyce Green 24.12.1917 and flights detached to Thetford, Wyton and Northolt. To Thetford 1.5.1918. To France via Southampton 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

Capt SH Wheeler until 1.5.1918. 2Lt JD Halstead from

1.5.1918.

 

9th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Flower Down*, Winchester 8.12.1917. To Spittlegate 28.12.1917. To France 7.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

11th SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Wittering 7.1.1918 with flights at Feltwell and Harling Road. To Waddington 24.6.1918.  To Delouze, France, 7.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

20th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Easton-on-the-Hill ex USA via Glasgow 7.1.1918. Flight at Narborough until 1.5.1918. Flight at Wittering. To France 7.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

22nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 3 TDS Lopcombe Corner by 26.4.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

23rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Thetford 25.7.1918. Flights detached to Hucknall, Old Sarum, Duxford and Thetford by 2.9.1918. To Duxford 2.9.1918, with remaining flights detached until 5.11.1918. To Codford* 5.11.1918 until 11.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

24th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Wye ex USA 31.1.1918 with flights detached to London Colney and Croydon until 7.3.1918 and Sedgeford and Wyton until 1.5.1918. To Narborough 1.5.1918 until 11.7.1918. To St Maxient, France, 19.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

25th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at Ayr from Liverpool 31.1.1918. To Marske 23.4.1918. To Flower Down* 7.8.1918. To France 20.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

34th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived in UK 15.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

41st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Montrose ex USA 10.3.1918. To Gullane 4.1918. To France 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

43rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived at South Carlton 16.3.1918. Flights detached to Hooton Park, Spittlegate and Beaulieu 24.8.1918. To Codford* 14.10.1918 until 21.10.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

47th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 52 TDS Cramlington by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

49th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Castle Bromwich 1.2.1918 until 24.6.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

50th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Romsey Camp*. To Spittlegate 4.2.1918. To Flower Down*, Winchester, 3.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

77th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Knotty Ash* 11.1918 for departure to USA.

Commanding Officers

 

85th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Liverpool* (Knotty Ash?) ex USA 5.3.1918. Flower Down 6.3.1918. Romsey Camp 13.3.1918. Harlaxton 16.3.1918, attached to 53 TS. To Yatesbury 16.8.1918. To Flower Down* 30.8.1918. St Maixent (F) via Southampton 1.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

86th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Shoreham 25.3.1918. To France 11.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

92nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

B Flt at Buckminster by 17.7.1918, later to Ford Junction. Flight at Tydd St Mary by 17.7.1918. To Ford Junction 9.1918. To Tangmere 15.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

93rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived in UK 29.10.1917. To Beaulieu 9.1.1918. To Issoudun, France, 24.6.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

102nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Flower Down*, Winchester 9.12.1917 until 9.1.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

103rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Liverpool* (Knotty Ash?) ex USA 7.12.1917. To Flower Down* 8.12.1918. To Southampton 23.12.1918 and embarked for Le Havre.

Commanding Officers

 

104th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Flower Down*, Winchester 8.12.1917. To Upavon 24.12.1917 with flights detached to Farnborough, Old Sarum, Andover and Yatesbury. To Netheravon 24.3.1918 with Upavon flight returning but remaining flights still dispersed. To Old Sarum 6.6.1918, with only Yatesbury flight detached until 9.7.1918. To Flower Down*, Winchester 10.7.1918. To France 19.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

105th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Flower Down*, Winchester 8.12.1917 until 23.12.1917.

Commanding Officers

 

120th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To New Romney ex USA 9.3.1918 with flight detached to Crail. To Stamford 10.8.1918 with flight detached to New Romney. To France 27.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

127th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Beaulieu and Easton-on-the-Hill 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

135th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Waddington 8.1.1918 with flights detached to Scampton and South Carlton until 27.2.1918. To Issoudun, France, 24.6.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

137th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Duxford 25.3.1918 until @ 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

138th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Romsey*, ex Liverpool 18.3.1918. To Montrose 26.3.1918. To Flower Down*, Winchester 14.8.1918. To France 17.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

1Lt AJ Ralph from 5.12.1918. 1Lt J Perry from 26.4.1918.

 

140th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Stonehenge by 17.7.1918. To Ford Junction 9.1918. To Tangmere 15.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

141st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Dover (Swingate Down) by 17.7.1917.

Commanding Officers

 

149th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Hounslow by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

150th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel with 60 TS Scampton 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

151st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel with 5 TS at Wyton by 15.8.1918 detachment at  Duxford and Fowlmere. A & B Flts at Fowlmere and C & D Flts at Harling Road by 17.7.1918. To France 11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

152nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Shawbury 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

153rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

A Flt at Wyton and C Flt at Wye by 17.7.1918..

Commanding Officers

 

154th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Larkhill 9.3.1918 until 19.3.1918. To Chattis Hill 19.3.1918 with flights detached to Eastbourne and Dover 16.8.1918. Elements at Lopcombe Corner by 27.8.1918. To Flower Down*, Winchester 30.8.1918 until 12.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

156th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 38 TDS Tadcaster by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

157th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to Waddington by 26.6.1918 until @ 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

158th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 52 TDS Cramlington by 17.7.1918. To South Carlton.

Commanding Officers

 

159th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to Joyce Green by 22.4.1918, Duxford and 9 TS Norwich 1918. D Flt at Harlaxton by 7.1918. Flight at Sedgeford by 7.1918. At Yatesbury from 16.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

161st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Personnel attached 6 TDS Boscombe Down by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

162nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Flower Down 1918. To Joyce Green by 17.7.1918..

Commanding Officers

 

163rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

D Flt at Tangmere by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

165th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

C & D Flts at Fowlmere ex USA 15.3.1918. A Flt at Wyton and B Flt at Wye by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

166th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Catterick ex USA 25.3.1918. To France 7.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

167th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 11 TDS Old Sarum by 6.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

168th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Romsey Camp* ex Liverpool 16.2.1918. A & B Flts to Tadcaster and C & D Flts to Doncaster 1.3.1918. Flights to Flower Down* 7.8.1918 and embarked for France (St Maixent) 11.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

1Lt S Junes Smith

 

169th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Andover by 30.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

170th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Beaulieu ex USA by 7.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

172nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 1 TDS Stamford by 17.7.1918 until @ 29.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

174th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Spittlegate by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

176th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Montrose 3.1918 until @ 17.7.1918. D Flt with 38 TDS Tadcaster by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

177th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Beaulieu ex USA by 7.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

185th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Romsey Camp* ex USA. Hooton Park ex Romsey 28.2.1918. A Flight at Ternhill from 5.4.1918 with B, C  & D Flts at Hooton. To Flower Down* 7.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

186th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived Liverpool ex USA 16.2.1918. Romsey* (Woodley Camp) 16.2.1918. A Flt to Lilbourne, B Flt to Castle Bromwich and C & D Flts to Rendcomb 26.2.1918. A Flt to Port Meadow and B Flt to Rendcomb 5.4.1918 until @ 17.7.1918. B, C & D Flts to Cheltenham*. Unit amalgamated to Winchester (Flower Down*) 17.8.1918. To Le Havre via Southampton 27.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

Lt Zapf (A Flt), Lt Walker (B Flt) and Lt HF Lindall (C & D Flts) by 26.2.1918.

 

187th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Netheravon by by 17.7.1918 until @ 26.8.1918

Commanding Officers

 

188th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 9 TDS Shawbury and 6 TDS Boscombe Down by 9.5.1918 until @ 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

199th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 16 TS and 37 TDS Yatesbury from 16.3.1918. To Flowerdown 17.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

211th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

At Yatesbury from 4.8.1918. To  London Colney and Weston-on-the-Green 2.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

216th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Shawbury 8.1918 and at Old Sarum, attached to 11 TDS, by 5.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

228th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Rendcomb by 15.8. 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

256th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Duxford 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

268th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Duxford 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

262nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Shawbury 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

263rd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Eastburn by 10.1918 until 17.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

306th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Shawbury 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

308th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury from 17.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

309th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel with 38 TDS Tadcaster 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

310th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

To Montrose 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

314th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 1 SNBD Stonehenge by 6.10.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

316th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at 9 TDS Shawbury 8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

317th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 51 TDS Shotwick by 23.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

321st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 50 TDS Eastbourne by 7.10.19181918.

Commanding Officers

 

330th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury from 30.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

326th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Arrived Ford Junction 9.1918. To Tangmere 15.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

334th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 33 TDS Witney by 15.9.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

337th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Stonehenge 7.1918. Old Sarum 24.7.1918. Personnel at Shawbury 8.1918. To Codford 5.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

349th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 12 TDS Netheravon by 28.7.1918 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

371sst AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury from 16.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

332nd AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury from 17.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

341st AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury from 22.7.1918. To Old Sarum 16.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

356th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Elements at Easton-on-the-Hill, attached to 5 TDS, by 23.6. 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

375th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel attached to 10 AAP Brooklands by 7.8.1918 until @ 31.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

377th AERO SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Stonehenge by 17.7.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

472th CONSTRUCTION SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Winton by 22.11.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

806th REPAIR SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Flower Down* 1918.

Commanding Officers

 

831st REPAIR SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Wittering, attached to 1 TDS, by 13.7.1918 until @ 10.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

832nd REPAIR SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Yatesbury by 17.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

841st REPAIR SQUADRON USAS

Base

Personnel at Old Sarum, attached to 11 TDS, by 5.4.1918. Flight at Yatesbury until 16.8.1918.

Commanding Officers

 

 

USNAS UNITS

 

EASTLEIGH NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Eastleigh, commissioned 23.7.1918 for the assembly, testing, repair and supply of machines to the Northern Bombing Force. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Lt G de C Chevalier

 

QUEENSTOWN NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Queenstown, commissioned 22.2.1918 for the assembly, testing, repair and supply of machines to the USN flying boat bases in Ireland. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Representative Machines

Curtiss H16

 

LOUGH FOYLE NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Lough Foyle, commissioned 1.7.1918 for flying boat operations. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Representative Machines

Curtiss H16

 

WHIDDY ISLAND NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Whiddy Island, commissioned 4.7.1918 for flying boat operations. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Representative Machines

Curtiss H16

 

WEXFORD NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Wexford, commissioned 2.5.1918 for flying boat operations. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Representative Machines

Curtiss H16

 

KILLINGHOLME NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Killingholme, commissioned 20.7.1918 for flying boat operations. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

Representative Machines

Curtiss H16

Felixstowe F2A

Short 184

 

BEREHAVEN NAVAL AIR STATION USN

Base

Berehaven (Castletownbere), commissioned 29.4.1918 for kite balloon operations, taking over 17 KBS from the RAF. Returned to RAF 4.1919.

Commanding Officers

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Mick, that's very useful, thanks. You could add an asterisk to Larkhill as the airfield there closed just before the war.

The references to Codford are interesting, with units being based there for just a few days, and it was some way from an actual airfield. In my first post, I described it as a "rest camp", a term that usually indicates that the unit was accommodated there temporarily after or before a long journey.

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I can only add a small snippet from my Yatesbury research:

"On 1st October 1918, it was decided that the unit was now ready to deploy, and the 159th Aero was assigned as a day bomber squadron. The disparate flights were ordered to assemble at the American Air Service Camp, Codford St Mary, and from Yatesbury, ‘A’ and ‘B’ Flights departed on 25th October." Excerpt below is from the voluminous Gorrell report:

image.png.24ef34b12190790d9fd98f2d89071eee.png

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  • 2 weeks later...

Belated thanks for that, quemerford. I've only just seen your very useful post. (Since you've made it, I've had a hospital operation - very successful - and convalescence.) That certainly explains the several enigmatic references I've seen over the years to Codford and US aero squadrons. Still seems a slightly curious choice, being some way from airfields.

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Googling produced a few brief references to the Codford Air Service Camp, including this one, which suggests that it had adopted a French orphan.

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I might have some of this from the US end but it is probably going to take a bit of digging. I will try and see what I can find this weekend, Sorry no chance that I can get to it before that.

Chris

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  • 1 month later...

Glad that the initial query prompted MickDavis to post his very useful list.  

Just in case it’s helpful, I would mention the compilation of U.S. air service unit histories in Series E of Gorrell’s History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917 - 1919, digitized at Fold3.com (behind a pay wall).  A lot of them include rosters of enlisted and commissioned personnel.

And would also note that a number of Americans trained at Stonehenge and Boscombe Down in the spring and summer of 1918 before being posted to R.A.F. or U.S. squadrons.

---Marian  

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