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Remembered Today:

Heavy Artillery Serviceability


ianjonesncl

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Whilst  researching activities in the Nieuport sector in 1917, I came across a graph in the XV Corps Heavy Artillery War Diary for November 1917 (WO-95-927-3 - page 10) recording the serviceability of the guns attached to Corps. Reports and returns are an essential to the logistic system to ensure the availability  of resources to conduct operations. 

 

The graph covers the period from 22nd June through to 30th November 1917, the period XV Corps occupied the Nieuport sector in preparation for an assault along the Belgian Coast, Operation Hush. (LLT - Operation Hush. A battle that never took place.)

 

The war diary entry records the Establishment, the number of guns allocated to the Corps Heavy Artillery, and the percentage available.

 

image.png.1797c144f72aaf3853f12914bacb4c1b.png

 

The graph records a build up to 190 guns by August, reducing to 150 through September, 130 through October, then starts to tail off ahead of XV Corps move to the Ypres Sector. The percentage of guns available ranged between 80% and 65%. The average is 72%, which represents 4 guns out of 6 or 3 out of 4 guns depending on the establishment of a battery. It would total some 50 guns when the establishment was 190 guns. 

 

large.614196480_8-inchHowitzermaintenance.jpg.34e6307852ecd8036cd05ac7648bb8fe.jpg

 

The serviceability of Artillery Guns was the subject of a blog post a number of years ago outlining some of the reasons for guns not being available. 

 

Artillery Guns serviceability - Northumbrian Gunner meanderings - Great War Forum

The ordnance wore and its condition was monitored as a result of firing, barrel life varried howitzers having, in general a longer life than guns, typical values were of the order howitzers 10,000 rounds, guns 7,000 rounds. Recoil systems suffered if not properly maintained; hydraulic buffers leaked and if not replenished allowed excessive recoil causing damage and deterioration of springs. Much of this was repairable by Ordnance workshops. At one stage the workshops of 4th Army were changing 200 sets of springs per day. Carriages could be damaged by enemy fire. Over a 6 week period the workshops of 4th Army repaired some 1,600 field guns and howitzers and declared several hundred beyond repair. Over the period equipment's were firing an average of 2 to 4,000 rounds per equipment.

Old Tom

 

The methodology when I was serving  was to ensure the number of rounds ordered by the OP would be delivered.  If the order was 5 rounds fire for effect (FFE), then for a six gun battery, 30 round needed to be fired. If only 4 guns were available, to deliver 30 rounds, the order of 5 FFE from the OP, would become 6 or 7 6FFE at the gun end. One wonders if that protocol was in place during WW1. If so the this would put additional  workload on the serviceable guns.

 

 

XV Corps Heavy Artillery Serviceability 

22nd June through to 30th November 1917,

 

Week Ending
Friday
Guns
Establishment
Perentage
in Action
Guns
in Action
Guns
Unavailable
  6 Gun
Battery
4 Gun
Battery
22-Jun-17 36 68% 24 12   4 3
29-Jun-17 36 69% 25 11   4 3
06-Jul-17 40 79% 32 8   5 3
13-Jul-17 44 71% 31 13   4 3
20-Jul-17 174 68% 118 56   4 3
27-Jul-17 188 72% 135 53   4 3
03-Aug-17 190 73% 139 51   4 3
10-Aug-17 190 74% 141 49   4 3
17-Aug-17 152 71% 108 44   4 3
24-Aug-17 166 75% 125 42   5 3
31-Aug-17 176 80% 141 35   5 3
07-Sep-17 152 79% 120 32   5 3
14-Sep-17 152 68% 103 49   4 3
21-Sep-17 152 77% 117 35   5 3
28-Sep-17 150 74% 111 39   4 3
05-Oct-17 150 67% 101 50   4 3
12-Oct-17 132 68% 90 42   4 3
19-Oct-17 132 73% 96 36   4 3
26-Oct-17 132 73% 96 36   4 3
02-Nov-17 136 65% 88 48   4 3
09-Nov-17 110 67% 74 36   4 3
16-Nov-17 100 70% 70 30   4 3
23-Nov-17 98 67% 66 32   4 3
               
  Average 72%       4 3

 

 

 

 

Edited by ianjonesncl

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Gunner 87

Posted (edited)

That's a very interesting article. I was an OP (Assistant ) with the RA and it has never crossed my mind that if the amount of guns available decreases it was up to the OP to increase the rounds per gun. I would have assumed such calculations would have been made by the CP who would have increased the amount of rounds fired by the guns to equate the original FFE request. 

Edited by Gunner 87
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Gunner 87, you are absolutely right, it was a CP responsibility, so apologies that it came over as an OP responsibility.  The OP may not be aware of how many guns are actually in action, particularly if something went wrong with a gun during a mission.

I have just edited the post to hopefully clarify that the responsibility of increasing the rounds was in the CP.

 

 

 

 

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ianjonesncl, can you imagine trying to request a fire mission using flags or at best a cable that almost certainly would be broken by enemy artillery. What is interesting is WW1 must have seen the birth of the Fire Plan. Fascinating stuff... As your article shows the work to keep the 'colours' in action was immense. It didn't dawn on me that such calculations were made as shown in the graph. Thanks for sharing. 

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