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  • keithmroberts

    How NOT to use blogs

    By keithmroberts

    This area is not for queries but for ongoing blogs. if you want to ask for help, please go to the appropriate sub-forum in the main part of the GWF. You have been asked to make your first post in a specified location. Once you have done that, your query can be raised in the various sections of the forum. If you previously posted a request for help or information in this area, it is likely to be deleted at some point in the next few weeks or months. So if you have a reply, please make a note o
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    • 3,297 views

Our community blogs

  1. USING BLOGS - README FIRST

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    Recent Entries

    This area is not for queries but for ongoing blogs. if you want to ask for help, please go to the appropriate sub-forum in the main part of the GWF.

    You have been asked to make your first post in a specified location. Once you have done that, your query can be raised in the various sections of the forum.

    If you previously posted a request for help or information in this area, it is likely to be deleted at some point in the next few weeks or months. So if you have a reply, please make a note of it, If not, can you re-post it in the appropriate part of the forum, which is likely to get you a quick response.

    Keith Roberts

    for the GWF team

  2. PikeLaffin.JPG.fbde454fea76bbc222ce79ded6311db9.JPG

    Over 2,200 Nurses served overseas in the Australian Army Nursing Service, AIF during WW1, and of these nurses at least 158 married whilst still overseas. Unlike their male counterparts, AANS guidelines stipulated that a nurse had to resign from service once she married. The majority did, but a few kept their marriages secret until such a time as they wished to resign.

     

    Photo: The 1917 marriage of Sister Nellie Pike and Cpl Charles Laffin  [AWM photo P07678.002] https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C1226503

     


    ADAMS, Edith Mary Rawson, Staff Nurse
    Married Rev Sidney Fremlyn STREATFIELD (Royal Army Chaplain’s Dept) on Tuesday the 24th of September 1918 at St Mary’s Church, Belgaum, India

    ALFRED, Ellen, Staff Nurse
    Married Archibald Duncan Campbell LINN (Pte 296, Indian Defence Force) on the 9th February 1919 in Bombay, India

    ALLAN, Elsie May, Staff Nurse
    Married Major (Dr) James Alexander SMEAL (AAMC, AIF) on the 14th of February 1917 at Holy Trinity Church, Southall, Middlesex, England

    ALMOND, Gertrude Mary, Sister
    Married Capt Percy Douglas BRIGHT, (1st Aust Remount Unit, AIF), on the 29th of August 1917 at the Garrison Chapel, Abbassia, Egypt

    ANDREWS, Jessie Mary Busby, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Gerald Gustave MASSON (MID), (9th LH, AIF) on the 8th of March 1919 at St George’s Cathedral, Jerusalem

    ASHDOWN, Maud, Staff Nurse
    Married James Septimus MANN (Merchant Seaman) on the 7th of March 1917 England

    ATHERTON, Rosamund Brenda, Sister (MID)
    Married George Vincent RANSON, (CQMS 2382, 41st Bn, AIF) on the 19th of February 1919 at the Church of S. Anselm and S. Cecilia, St Giles, London, England

    BAILEY, Ethel Ridgway, Staff Nurse
    Married Major John Bernard Francis McKENZIE, (AAMC, AIF) on the 14th of February 1918 at St Albans, England

    BAIN, Harriet Mary Hazel, Staff Nurse
    Married Alan Eugene Cecil McGAVIN (Capt, Indian Army Res) on the 9th of March 1919 in Deolali, India

    BAKER, Maud Isabel, Sister
    Married Lt Col Roy William CHAMBERS, (AAMC, AIF) on the 24th of September 1917 at St George Hanover Square, England

    BEGG, Rosa Marion Elise / Elsie, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Bertrand COMBES, (1st LH Bde, AIF) on the 15th of April 1916 (or 13th ?) at the Garrison Chapel, Abbassia, Egypt, by Capt the Rev. Edward Makeham, Chaplain, No 3 General Hospital, AIF

    BENNETT, Miriam Adelaide, Staff Nurse
    Married Adolph August Carl (aka Rex) OEHLMANN, (Dvr 14439, AASC, AIF) on the 6th of December 1918 at the Parish Church, Southall, England

    BETT, Mary Ann Latto, Sister
    Married Lieut William Paul BOLAND, (14th Bn, AIF) on the 2nd of October 1918 at Marylebone Presbyterian Church, St Marylebone, London, England

    BLACK, Stella Irene Janet Denison, Sister
    Married William Fred SARGISSON (Capt, Indian Army Reserve of Officers) on the 15th of March 1919 at St Andrew’s Church, West Kensington, Fulham, England

    BLAKE, Henrietta Eyre Maunsell, Staff Nurse
    Married Albert Oscar Vincent TYMMS, (AAMC, AIF) on the 8th of January 1917 at Durban, Sth Africa – during the voyage of the Berrima from Australia to England

    BROOKS, Constance Jessie – Sister, AANS
    Married Major Charles John Emile CLERICI, (Postal Department / Royal Engineers) on the 7th of March 1919 at the Roman Catholic Cathedral in Bombay, India – with Sister Ada Hodson (AANS) as bridesmaid

    BRUUN, Alice D’Arcy, Staff Nurse
    Married Gordon Holdsworth MUSGRAVE, (3rd AGH, AIF) on the 31st of January 1917 at the Registrars Office in Brighton, England

    BURKITT, Dorothea Mary Agnes, Staff Nurse
    Married Lt Col Norman Maxwell GIBSON, (AAMC, AIF) on the 16th of September 1916 in the Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall, Uxbridge, England
    [Dorothea’s brother Herbert was one of the Witnesses to their marriage]

    CAMERON, Jessie McCall (McColl), Staff Nurse
    Married George Frederick HURST, (Capt, RAMC) on the 12th October 1918 at Colaba, Bombay, India

    CAREY, Mary (Mollie) Veronica, Staff Nurse
    Married Major George Seaborne ROBINSON, MC&Bar, (AAMC, AIF) on the 28th of August 1918 at the Roman Catholic Cathedral, Ashley Place, St George Hanover Sq, London, England

    CARMICHAEL, Mary Elizabeth, Staff Nurse
    Married Edward Burton GUNSON, (Maj, RAMC) on the 10th of September 1918 in Salonika

    CARTER, Edith, Staff Nurse
    Married John Crampton POTTER (Lieut, Royal Irish Regt) on the 11th of March 1919 in Rangoon, India

    CHENERY, Hilda Frances, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Charles James Frank Walter DANIELS (6th East Surrey Regiment, attached to the Ghurka Rifles, Indian Army) on the 1st of March 1918, first at the British Consulate and again at St Mark’s Church, Alexandria, Egypt – she was given away by Matron Jessie Gemmell, with Staff Nurse Florence Rail acting as her bridesmaid

    CHENNELL, Frances Margery, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Donald Ian Robertson SMITH, (AAMC, AIF) on the 25th of July 1918 at the Parish Church in Harefield, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/224028

    CHIDGEY, Ellen, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Henry Edmund BUTLER, (AIF HQ) on the 9th of December 1916 at Brompton Oratory, South Kensington, London, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/270690

    CLAPP, Hilda Winifred, Staff Nurse
    Married Major Paul Lucien GOLDENSTEDT, (15th ALH, AIF) on the 15th of March 1919 at the Garrison Chapel, Abbassia, Egypt

    CONDON, Helen Mary, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Cecil John HOWELL (1/4th Buffs, East Kent Reg) on the 12th of February 1919 in St Patrick’s Church, Deolali, India

    CONNOLLY, Cusha Syria Mary, Staff Nurse
    Married William Wells Charles WEALE (Capt, Intel Dept) on the 9th of September 1918 at the Convent Chapel of St Mark’s, Cairo, Egypt

    COOK, Florence Beatrice, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Albert McLEOD, (16th Bn, AIF) on the 3rd of March 1916 at the Garrison Chapel at Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt

    CRAWLEY, Dorothy Emma, Staff Nurse
    Married (secretly) 2nd Lieut Charles Maxwell BOWDEN, (6th MG Coy / 22nd Bn, AIF) in December 1917 in Romford, England (whilst on leave) Only declared the marriage after Charles was KIA in 1918

    CROUCH, Elsie Isabel, Staff Nurse
    Married Major Denis Joseph GLISSAN, (1st ACCS, AIF) on the 23rd of November 1916 at the Servite Church, Kensington, England

    CURTAIN, Harriette Honora (Addie), Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Aldous Campbell ARNOLD, (AAMC, AIF) on the 7th of April 1916 at St Mark’s Church, Choubrah, Cairo, Egypt

    DALEY, Clarice Jessie, Staff Nurse
    Married Ernest Alfred LAWRENCE, (1st LH Bde, AIF) on the 21st of October 1915 at the Church Camp, Mudros on the Isle of Lemnos

    DAVIS, Stella Emily, Staff Nurse
    Married Maj Gerald George HOGAN, (1st Div Fld Arty, AIF) on the 2nd of March 1917 at Brighton, England

    DAWSON, Catrina (real name Alice Isabel) – Sister
    Married Lieut John Cade MURRAY, (47th Bn, AIF) on 27th of October 1917 St Giles, London, England (kept secret)

    DE LISLE, Maie St Clair, Staff Nurse
    Married Edwin DE LISLE in September 1919 at Hampstead Emmanuel, England – after being discharged in England in the May

    DE VEAUX, Beatrice, Staff Nurse
    Married Edward John RADFORD (Lieut, Rifle Brigade) on the 4th of March 1919 in the All Saints’ Church, Kirkee, Poona, India

    DEVINE, Maysie, Staff Nurse
    Married William Laurence O’NEILL (Dr, Capt, RGMC) on the 16th of November 1918 in the Holy Name Church, Bombay, India

    DOUGLASS, Anne, Staff Nurse
    Married Arthur William UPFIELD, (Dvr 143, 17th ASC, AIF) on the 3rd of November 1915 at the British Consulate, Alexandria, Egypt

    DOWELL, Mary Sutherland, Staff Nurse
    Married Ernest John Alfred COOK (Capt, Indian Army) on the 6th of September 1919 in Bombay, India

    DUBRULLE, Emilienne Amelie. Staff Nurse
    Married Harold Cecil LEVITT (Sgt 2114, Lancashire Fusiliers) on the 8th of May 1918 in Bombay, India

    DUGGAN, Mary – Sister
    Married Charles Leslie DAVY (2nd Lieut, 9th Royal Warwickshire Regt) on the 11th of February 1918 in Belgaum, India

    DURAND, Florence Lily – Staff Nurse
    Married Fred LEACH (Lieut, 1st/8th Bn Manchester Regt / RAF) on the 14th of January
    1917 at the Brighton Register Office,England – he died on the 16/6/1918, and is
    commemorated on the Kirkee Memorial, India. She kept her marriage a secret.

    EADIE, Leonora Maude, Staff Nurse
    Married Charles Evan LLOYD, (Capt, Gen List Dental) on the 6th of March 1919 at the Parish Church, St George, Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England

    EDDIE, Ida Agnes Mary, Staff Nurse
    Married David MANSON (Dr, of Scotland) on the 12th of December 1917 in Bombay, India

    EDWARDS, Ethel, Staff Nurse
    Married WO Stanley Eyre GIDERSON, (1st DAC, AIF) on the 2nd of November 1916 at the Emmanuel Church in West Dulwich, London, England

    EGLINTON, Elsie Annie, Sister
    Married George McBeth MACKAY (2nd Engineer, HMT Ionian, Mercantile Marine) on the 10th of August 1917 at Whalley, Lancashire, England

    EVERETT, Iris, Staff Nurse
    Married HENSLEY HENSON on the 12th of December 1917 in India

    FAULKNER, Edith Emily, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Philip Patrick Terence Edward Ernest O’DOHERTY, (L.A.R., Federated Malay States) on the 26th of December 1918 at St Margaret’s Church, Westminster, London, England

    FERRIER, Mary Middlemiss, Staff Nurse
    Married James William NORRIS (1st Dragoon Guards & 14th Lancers) on the 13th of April 1919 in India

    FLOWER, Vera Emily, Staff Nurse
    Married Foxton William HAYLEY, (Capt, 12th Fld Amb, AIF), on the 8th of August 1917 at the Parish Church of St Peter, Bayswater, England – with Sister Dickson of the AANS as bridesmaid

    FOREMAN, Kate Alice, Staff Nurse
    Married Beaufort GREGG, (S/Sgt 1437 Dental Corps, AIF) on the 3rd of September 1918 in Salisbury, England

    FREETAG (Freitag), Mary Margaret, Sister
    Married Lieut James MORRISON, (1st Scottish Rifles) on the 28th of March 1919 at the Holy Name Church, Bombay, India (but didn’t resign until 24/8/19)

    GALLEN, Kate Isobel, Staff Nurse
    Married Walter Harold HEAD, (Pte 6057 7th Fld Amb, AIF) on the 15th of June 1917 at St Albans, England

    GILES, Bridget Teresa, Staff Nurse
    Married Norman McConnell BOYCE, (Lieut, RAMC) in the Oct-Dec Qtr of 1917 at Dartford, Kent, England, but didn’t resign her appointment in consequence until 21/2/1918

    GORDON, Cecil Imogen Keith, Staff Nurse
    Married Lieutenant Roger Horace ANSELL, (Royal Indian Marine) on the 15th of October 1918 at Ahmednagar, Bombay, India

    HARPER, Annie Agnes, Sister
    Married Maj Bertie Charles HANDLEY, (1st FAB, AIF) on the 18th of September 1917 in the Parish Church, St George, Bloomsbury, England

    HARVEY, Ada Irene, Staff Nurse
    Married Rev (Dr) Ernest Denny Logie DANSON, (Chap, Malay States Vol Rifles), on the 6th of February 1918 in Cairo, Egypt

    HAYNES, Olive Lilian Creswell, Sister
    Married Lieut Norval Henry DOOLEY (Pat), (22nd Bn, AIF) on the 11th of December 1917 in Bournemouth, England

    HILLS, Agnes Florence, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Clement Wallington HARRIS (1st LH, AIF) on the 17th of July 1918 at the Church of Epiphany, Port Said, Egypt

    HOLLOWAY, Evangeline Estelle (Eva), Sister
    Married Robert DAVIDSON, (1st MG Sq, AIF) on the 30th of November 1916 at St Andrew’s, Fulham, England

    HOLMES, Annie, Staff Nurse
    Married Sgt-Maj Gilbert Grant INNES, (Lancashire Fusiliers, T.F.) on the 23rd of March 1916 at St George’s Church, Alexandria, Egypt

    HOOD, Ina Muriel, Staff Nurse
    Married Alfred Charles ELLIOTT (Lieut, 11th Bn, AIF) on the 17th of March 1916 at the Garrison Church, Kasr-el-nil, Cairo Egypt

    HOUGH, Edith Evelyn, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Otto Ludwig VETTER, (RAF, Australian) 10th of January 1919 at St Andrew’s, Wells Street, London, England

    HOWARTH, Laura, Staff Nurse
    Married John Henry MURCH (Capt, Mercantile Marine) on the 20th of September 1917 at St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay, India

    HUDSON, Pamela Burgoyne, Staff Nurse
    Married Noel HEPWORTH on the 15th July 1918 in Bombay, India

    HUON, Ada Eveline, Sister
    Married (Dr) Frank Bertram MacCASKIE (Capt, RAMC) on the 31st of March 1919 in Ahmednagar, India.

    JACOBSON, Alice Augusta, Staff Nurse
    Married William Kinglake DE BOOS (Sgt 363/Lieut, 22nd Bn, AIF) on the 28th of March 1917 at the Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall, Middlesex, England

    JEFFERSON, Ida Gladys, Sister
    Married William Thomas GRIFFITHS on the 24th of July 1918 at St Stephen’s Church, Bandra (Bombay), India

    JOLIFFE, Bertha Elsie, Sister
    Married Major Eric St Leger LEWIS, (3rd LH, AIF) on the 4th of September 1916 at Christchurch, Westminster, London, England

    JONES, Edith, Sister
    Married Lieut Harry Thomas WRAIGHT, DCM, MM (7th Bn, AIF) on the 26th of December 1917 at St Giles, London, England

    KENDALL, Constance Elizabeth, Staff Nurse
    Married Dr Cecil Stanley MOLESWORTH (Capt, AAMC, AIF) in June 1919 in Cairo, Egypt

    KENDELL, Charlotte Eva, Staff Nurse
    Married Lieut James Mark KENNEDY, (26th Bn, AIF) on the 29th of February 1916 at the British Consulate, Cairo, Egypt

    KENNEDY, Mary Christina, Staff Nurse
    Married Maj Alfred Fay MacLURE, (AAMC, AIF) on the 9th of July 1915 at the Presbyterian Church, Regent Square, Gray’s Inn Rd, St Pancras, London, England
    Marriage kept secret until Dec 1918 when she declared it for discharge

    KENT, Bertha Mary, Sister
    Married Charles CAMERON on the 1st of April 1919 at St George’s Church, Southport, Lancashire, England

    KEYS, Lilian Constance, Sister
    Married Alfred George Harrison (Fred) CARRUTHERS (Deputy-Commissioner, Chinese Customs Service) on the 30th of December 1918 in Vancouver, Canada
    She had been on transport duty on the hospital ship Madras between Vladivostok and Vancouver.

    KILLICOAT, Frances Madge, Staff Nurse
    Married Capt Stewart Osburn COWEN, (AAMC, AIF) on the 18th of November 1918 in Ayr, Scotland

    KILSBY, Blanche Catherine, Staff Nurse
    Married Charles Thomas WHITTENBURY on the 4th of August 1919 at Rawalpindi, India
    [Possibly 1763 2/25 London Cyc Regt & Pte 275035 1F.S.G. Bn Somerset Light Infantry – Disembodied 1/1/20 – entitled to BWM only. 1st Garrison Battalion moved to India Feb 1917. Joined Rawalpindi Brigade in 2nd Div.]

    KING, Alice Gordon, Sister
    Married Lieut-Col Charles Hazell ELLIOTT, DSO & Bar, CMG, (12th Bn, AIF) on the 20th of December 1917 at Marylebone, England

    KING, Lydia Kate, Sister
    Married Lt Col Herbert Gordon CARTER (5th Pioneers, AIF) on the 31st of January 1917 at the Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall, England

    KIRK, Myrtle Lynda, Sister
    Married Arthur Joseph O’MEARA (Lieut, RASC) on the 12th of June 1918 in Salonika

    LAMB, Mary Catherine, Staff Nurse
    Married Francois Brousse de GERSIGNY (Lieut, 75th DAC – 270th Bde RFA) on the 3rd of March 1919 at the Garrison R.C. Chapel, 14th AGH, Cairo, Egypt

    LANGWORTHY, Gertrude Henderson, Sister
    Married Oliver Edward LUKE (Lieut, 1/53rd Punjabis, ex AIF) on the 2nd of August 1918 at St Thomas' Cathedral, Bombay, India [didn’t resign until 14/4/1919]

    LEWIS, Florence Laura, Staff Nurse
    Married Major Michael FITZGERALD, (18th Bn, AIF) on the 9th of September 1916 in Dublin, Ireland

    LITTLE, Marjorie (Margery) Grace, Staff Nurse
    Married Lieut Charles Robert DUKE, MC, (5th Pioneers, AIF) on the 14th of January 1918 at Toftwood, Murtle, Aberdeen, Scotland

    LLEWELLYN, Daisie Mary, Staff Nurse
    Married Herbert Charles LUDBROOK, (WO1 3197, 12th Fld Amb, AIF) on the 3rd of January 1918 at the Wesleyan Church, Horseferry Rd, London, England

    LLOYD, Maud Margaret, Staff Nurse
    Married Raoul Julian Toreau de MARNEY (Capt, Brit Army) on the 29th of November 1918 in Salonika

    LOGAN, Hilda Olive, Staff Nurse
    Married Samuel Reginald PRALL (Lt Col, Ind Med Serv) on the 28th of December 1918 in Bombay, India

    LOWE, Elma Constance Apsley, Staff Nurse
    Married Lieut William Leith Gardiner LAMROCK, (3rd Bn, AIF) on the 7th of July 1917 at Dartford, Kent, England

    MACKAY, Maud Mary, Sister
    Married Lieut Lancelot Mervyn REDGRAVE (18th Bn, AIF) on the 28th of June 1919 at The Chapel Royal, St Martin, England

    MAHONEY, Mary Agnes, Sister
    Married Major Edward Theodore PASCOE (AAMC, AIF) on the 25th of March 1919 in the British Consulate, Cairo, Egypt

    MAHONEY, Nora Evelyn, Sister
    Married Alfred Haldane HICKS (Lieut, Royal Navy) on the 2nd of June 1919 at the Church of the Holy Name, Bombay, India

    MANNING, Florence Agnes, Staff Nurse
    Married Captain Hugh William Fancourt MITCHELL, MC (AAMC, AIF) on the 23rd of April 1917 at Mill Hill, London, England

    MARTIN, Alice Maud, Staff Nurse
    Married Frederick William Warden PICKANCE (Capt, Royal Engineers) on the 25th of March 1918 at Aldershot, England

    MASON, Dorothy, Staff Nurse
    Married Harold John WILLIAMS (RQMS, 1st AAH, AIF) on the 5th of May 1919 at St Marylebone parish church, Portman Square, London, England

    McDONALD, Cordelia Rosa (Corrie), Sister
    Married (Dr) Arthur Madgwick DAVIDSON (Capt, AAMC, AIF) on the 27th of October 1917 in the Garrison Church, Abbassia, Egypt

    McGUIRK, Lillie, Staff Nurse
    Married George Freeman EVANS, (Capt, 48th Bn, AIF) on the 22nd of May 1916 in Egypt

    McKENDRICK, Rhoda Mary Ann, Staff Nurse
    Married Henry Denton HOLDEN (Lieut, 1st Bn, Manchester Regt) on the 14th of June 1917 by special license at the English Church, Bombay, India

    McKENNA, Nellie (Ellen), Sister
    Married (Dr) Henry George LEAHY (Capt, 14th AGH, AIF) on the 24th of October 1919 at the Church of our Lady of Victories, Kensington, England

    McKENZIE, Mary Elizabeth, Staff Nurse (Temp Sister)
    Married Capt Reginald Alfred BRAY (of the P&O Coy) on the (27th or) 28th of May 1918 at the British Consulate and afterwards at the Church of Epiphany, Port Said, Egypt

    MEADER, Ruby, Staff Nurse
    Married Duncan MacGREGOR (of the Nat Bank of India, Aden) on the 7th August, 1919, at the Scotch Church, Aden

    MILLER, Phyllis Edith, Staff Nurse
    Married Robert Leontine Scott MURPHY (Lieut, 6th Bn, AIF) on the 17th of February 1917 in Kensington, London, England

    MONCKTON, Nonie (Honora), Sister
    Married Robert WOODSIDE (Capt, RAMC) on the 15th of April 1919 in Weymouth, England

    MOORE, Edith Eleanor, Sister
    Married George Arthur Lloyd POLLEY (Lieut, R.N.R) on the 8th of March 1918 at St Michael’s Church, in St Albans, England

    MOXHAM, Hilda, Sister
    Married Harry Fitzgerald HARLOCK (Lieut, 4th Bn, AIF) on the 7th of August 1915 in the Abbassieh Garrison Chapel, Egypt
    The marriage was kept quiet until 25/2/1916, at which time she resigned

    MULLIGAN, Gladys Gray, Sister
    Married Spencer SHELLEY on the 17th of March 1917 in Rawalpindi, Bengal, India

    MURPHY, Esther (real name: Agnes Mary), Sister
    Married John Joseph BOYERS (Lieut, AAMC, AIF) on the 14th of September 1918 at St Joseph’s RC Church, Islington, England

    MURRAY, Christina Dunmore, Staff Nurse
    Married William Walter McLAREN, (Major, 1st LH Fld Amb, AIF) on the 17th of March 1917 in Regent Square, Pancras, England, by Rev Robertson

    NEWTON, Margaret, Staff Nurse
    Married Piers Bonham-Carter EVELEGH (Capt, R.E.) in September 1917 in the RC Cathedral, Bombay, India

    O’HANLON, Elizabeth Frances, Sister
    Married (Dr) Arthur Raphael STEVEN, (Capt, RAMC) on the 1st of January 1919 at St Patrick’s Cathedral, Bangalore, India

    O’NEILL, Annie Emily (known as Nance) – Sister
    Married Reginald George DOWNING, MC&Bar, (Capt, 54th Bn, AIF) on the 4th of July 1918 at the RC Church, Finchley Rd, Golders Green, London, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/213174

    PARISH, Emily Cornelia, Sister
    Married George Guyatt GARDINER, (Capt, 13th Bn, AIF) on the 13th of January 1919 at St Margaret’s Church, Westminster, London, England

    PARKINSON, Olga Gwendoline (married as Olive), Sister
    Demobbed UK 26/9/19 to await marriage – fiancé due for leave at end of year
    Married Herbert Ludlow DAVIS, (Royal Indian Marine) in August 1920 in Bayswater, England

    PENNEFATHER, Mary Elizabeth, Sister
    Married William J.B. ROOPE, (Lieut, Chinese Labour Co), on the 26th December 1918 at St Margaret’s, Westminster, London, England

    PETERS, Ethel Alice (Pete), Sister
    Married Norman Francis WILKINSON, (Pte 7382, AAMC / Lieut, 2nd MG Bn, AIF), on the 1st of October 1917 in Cambridge, England [Sisters Ella Tucker and Kate Foreman were bridesmaids]

    PHILLIPS, Violet May, Staff Nurse
    Married Neil Hamilton FAIRLEY, (Maj, AAMC, AIF) on the 12th of February 1919 at the Garrison Chapel, Abbassia, Egypt

    PIKE, Nellie Alfreda, Sister
    Married Charles George Edward John LAFFIN (Cpl 4414, 3rd AGH, AIF) on the 28th of September 1917 in St Albans, England

    PORTER, Katherine Minnie – Sister
    Married John Ebenezer DONALDSON, (Capt 19th Bn, AIF) on the 8th of July 1916 in France. Following John’s death in August 1916, Katherine returned to Australia. She re-enlisted again in 1917 (under her married name as a widow).

    PRICE, Mary Clare, Sister
    Married Cyril Norman HARVEY (L/Cpl 19591, 1st AGH, AIF) in the Apr-Jun Qtr of 1919 in Warminster, England.

    RICHARDS, Doris Gertrude Peterson, Staff Nurse
    Married Eric Vansittart Ernest NEILL, (Capt, A Prov C, AIF) on the 8th of June 1916 in the Presbyterian chapel attached to the 3rd Australian General Hospital in Cairo, Egypt

    RIDDOCH, Maggie Valetta – Staff Nurse
    Married (Dr) Dermid MAXWELL ROSS (Major, R.A.M.C.) on the 3rd of March 1919 in Edinburgh, Scotland

    RIGBY, Julia Lyllis, Staff Nurse
    Married Sydney Henry WOOLF (Capt, 19th Punjaubis, Indian Army) on the 10th of July 1918 in Bombay, India

    ROBERTS, Evelyn Mary, Sister
    Married Frank Roland BUCKLEY on the 2nd of July 1919 in Windsor, England

    ROBSON, Ruth Maughan, Staff Nurse
    Married Lesley Alexander WILKIE (2nd Lieut, 4th LH, AIF) on the 20th January 1917 at the C of E Garrison Chapel, 14th Australian General Hospital, Abbassia, Egypt

    ROSE, Dorothy Ann, Staff Nurse
    Married James Henry WHYTE (Lt Col, Wellington Mtd Rifles, NZEF), on the 4th of April 1916 at The Pines, Ghezireh, Cairo, Egypt

    SANDERS, Constance Dalmorton, Staff Nurse
    Married Leonard Collins William FRADD (Capt, 6th Sth Lancashire Regt) on the 12th of October 1918 at St Thomas' Cathedral, Bombay, India

    SAUNDERS, Muriel Mary, Staff Nurse
    Married William John CONIBEAR (Capt, Indian Army) on the 11th December, 1918, at St Paul’s Church, Poona, India

    SCOTT, Nita (Florence Nita), Staff Nurse (ex QAIMNSR)
    Married (Dr) Max YUILLE (Maj, 4th LH Fld Amb, AIF) in January 1918 St Columbia’s Church of Scotland, Chelsea, England

    SCOTT, Susan(Susie) Elizabeth, Sister
    Married Percy EDMUNDS on the 1st of May 1918 at Marylebone, England

    SHEPHERD, Lily Harriette – Staff Nurse
    Married Alexander Hersey TAIT (Pte 4th LH, AIF) on the 15th of February 1916 in Egypt

    SIMPSON, Eleanor Rose – Sister
    Married Lawrence Vernon JAMES (Capt, Merchant Marine) on the 17th of December 1917 at Kensington, England

    SMITH, Emily Hilyard – Staff Nurse
    Married Hubert Richard Joseph HARRIS (Maj, AAMC, AIF) on the 27th of March 1918 in the Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall, England

    SMITH, May Duncan, Staff Nurse
    Married Harry Morgan WOOLLAM (Lieut, Manchester Regiment) on the 4th of September 1918 at the GHQ Chapel, Salonika

    SMITH, Myra Lillian, Sister
    Married James Henry THOM (Lt Comm, Royal Navy) on the 30th of July 1919 at Bishopstrow, Wiltshire, England

    SMITH, Winifred Jane, Sister
    Married William Abbott WATSON (Sgt 2470, 11th Bn, AIF) on the 8th of December 1917 in London, England

    SPROULE, Florence St George, Staff Nurse
    Married Ivor Frederick Steele HEWETT (L/Sgt 870A, 2nd LH, AIF) on the 27th of March 1916 at the Garrison Chapel, Abbassia, Egypt

    THOMPSON, Alice Jane, Staff Nurse
    Married Dr Theophilus George ALLEN (Capt, AAMC, AIF) on the 16th of January 1919 at the St Peter and St Edward Church, 43 Palace St, Pimlico, London, England

    THOMPSON, Grace Horwood, Sister
    Married Dr Piero Francis Bruno FIASCHI, (Lieut-Col, AAMC, AIF) on the 31st of January 1917 at Marylebone, England

    TREYVAUD, Lilian Kirkland, Staff Nurse
    Married Dr George Edward COLE (Maj, 24th Bn, AIF) on Thursday the 19th August 1915 at St Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, Cairo, Egypt – (after signing the legal documents at the British Consulate) – she was escorted by her brother Hector

    TUXWORTH, Edith Annie, Staff Nurse
    Married Harry Gladwyn HARCOURT (Maj, 51st MG Corps, Brit Army) on the 25th of January 1919 at Maidstone, England

    TYERS, Lilian Rose, Staff Nurse
    Married Crawford Cleland MARSHALL, (Capt, 8th Fld Amb, AAMC, AIF) on the 9th of October 1918 in St. Albans, Hertford, England

    WAKEFORD, Muriel Leontine Sara, Sister
    Married Raymond Gustave SARGEANT (Merchant Seaman, Sub-Lt, HS Gascon) on the 28th of June 1916 in Poplar, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/112808

    WALLACE, Bertha Watson, Sister
    Married John PRITCHARD (Capt, 12th Bn, AIF) on the 14th of June 1917 in Berkhampstead, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/79859

    WALLER, Louisa, Staff Nurse
    Married Horace Percival CONYERS BROWN (Capt, Kashmir Lancers) on the 22nd of February 1919 in Bombay, India

    WALSH, Frana Doone, Sister
    Married Alfred Edward DEARN (Pte, 3rd AGH, AIF) on the 2nd of March 1917 at St Joseph’s Church, Brighton, England

    WATSON, Rose, Staff Nurse
    Married Frank William Overton ROBINSON (Capt, 29th Lancers) on the 12th of July 1919 at St Mary's Church, Poona, India

    WEARNE, Daisy, Sister
    Married Karl Frank THOMPSON (Sgt 6685, 3rd AGH, AIF) on the 25th of February 1919 in the parish church of St James, West Hampstead, England

    WELLMENS, Hilda Florence, Staff Nurse
    Married Myles Osborne O’HARA (Lieut, 4th LH, AIF) on the 4th of April 1918 in Cairo, Egypt – first by special license at the British Consulate, and then in a full military wedding at St Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/83147

    WESTON, Mary Ethel, Sister
    Married John Govett GEARY (Capt, 13th Bn, AIF) on the 19th of September 1916 at the Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall, Uxbridge, England

    WHITEMAN, Clarissa Muriel, Sister
    Married Dr Edgar Horatio Milner STEPHEN (Maj, AAMC, AIF) on the 18th of July 1918 at Hampstead, England

    WILKINS, Ethel Beatrice May, Staff Nurse
    Married Frederick James BEASLEY (S/Sgt 3526, 27th ASC, AIF) on the 6th of November 1917 in Wandsworth, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/372591

    WILLANS, Una Evelyn, Sister
    Married Frederick Percy Herbert FEWTRELL (Capt, 6th FCE, AIF) in August 1918 at St Martin, London, England

    WILLIAMS, Harriet Cecilia Hordern (Lalla), Staff Nurse
    Married Edward Percy LYNDON (Lt-Comm, R.N.R. Australian) on the 24th of April 1919 in Maidenhead, England

    WORDSWORTH, Martha Jane (Patty), Staff Nurse
    Married Robert CARVEL (Sgt, 10th Lovat Scouts Bn, Cameron Highlanders) on the 15th of January 1919 at Abbey Green, U.F. Manse, Lesmahagow, Scotland

    WYSE, Myra Septima, Sister
    Married Edmund Osborn MILNE (Maj, 1st Rly Sup Det, AIF) on the 2nd of November 1917 at the Harefield Church, in Uxbridge, England

    YUILLE, Marjorie Cross, Sister
    Married (Dr) Henry Hume David TURNBULL, (Maj, 1st AGH, AAMC, AIF) on the 6th of February 1917 in the Holy Trinity Church, Brompton, London, England
    https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/372711

     

    Note: This list was originally attached to the now defunct NAA "Discovering Anzacs" website - and linked to the individual profiles of the nurses listed, many of whom had a full biography attached.  Hopefully one day I'll get around to resubmitting them to the "Virtual War Memorial" website, as per Marjorie YUILLE (see above link).

    Heather (Frev) Ford

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

  3. 100 YEARS AGO TODAY: The March to the Rhine - Day 21.

     

    King George V and General William Birdwood visit the graves of several notable soldiers including, the temporary grave of Prince Maurice of Battenburg, the King's one-time equerry Major Lord Charles Mercer-Nairne, Brigadier General Francis Aylmer Maxwell VC, CSI, DSO & Bar, and Major the Hon. William George Sidney Cadogan, the equerry to the Prince of Wales. Presentation of baton of the Marshal of France to Philippe Petain at Metz, 8 December 1918. Marshal Petain, Marshal Joseph Joffre, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, General Maxime Weygand (France), Field Marshal Douglas Haig (Britain), General John Pershing (USA), General Cyriaque Gillain (Belgium), General Alberico Albricci (Italy) and General Józef Haller (Poland) awaiting the arrival of French President Raymond Poincare.

     

    General Staff - 1st Canadian Division, C.E.F.
    tpfe169ar5cjad96g.jpg

     

    13th Battalion (Royal Highlanders of Canada)
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    yfa8z82c1zq1bm06g.jpg

     

    14th Battalion (The Royal Montreal Regiment)
    h1z35lh1d5c0k7d6g.jpg
    dbu3bqx2ggsd6656g.jpg

     

    15th Battlion (48th Highlanders of Canada), 3rd Inf. Bde, C.E.F.
    4rw0f2xcz6h3ko46g.jpg

     

    16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), 3rd Inf. Bde, C.E.F.
    b8se9xpcq0sxxzw6g.jpg

     

    5th Canadian Divisional Artillery, C.E.F.
    1m7g08lb23an3zv6g.jpg

     

    14th Brigade C.F.A., C.E.F.
    3l4h89pbsal8wsw6g.jpg
    5zhmdh5ylye6ww26g.jpg

     

    61st Field Battery, C.F.A., 5th C.D.A., C.E.F.
    eux6m9anwzw67s96g.jpg

     

    Lt Abner Virtue - 6st Fld Bty
    xncryzxjmtod63k6g.jpg

     

    60th Field Battery, C.F.A., 5th C.D.A., C.E.F.
    brcuy4ilzkssa6o6g.jpg

     

    2asj2ex2poj2hpm6g.jpg

    Outside Recht, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    94vjx49kqxc4dmf6g.jpg

    Recht, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    6h4bidw1q56p94j6g.jpg

    Marcard, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    wadlktwymq6g7ic6g.jpg

    Railway Bridge Bonn and Kirke, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    a79fo2vu1u8tt486g.jpg

    Dedenburg & Bonn Railway Bridge, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    zy64h32la0jn47d6g.jpg

    Outside Amel, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    aaedigd966r8dq96g.jpg

    Amel, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    wglsaw2lt6smt4e6g.jpg

    Moderscheid, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    7lo7bvafiqh2bpl6g.jpg

    Outside Moderscheid, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    pqo26qwvdfe8zvv6g.jpg

    Bullingen, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    dgwl31v28ie7tc06g.jpg

    Outside Bullingen, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    sjlfu4hdaxhu9ed6g.jpg

    Outside Wirtzfeld, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    xarn44cf6d4g3566g.jpg

    Wirtzfeld, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    qxbvtfys97e2v0c6g.jpg

    Outside Krinkelt, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    1xce5dc6165sqw86g.jpg

    Krinkelt, Photo: Edward Walshe

     

    https://youtu.be/P7dbZQqqY60

     

     

     

     

     


     

  4. Tilloy British Cemetery, Tilloy-Les-Mofflaines. Tilloy-Les-Mofflaines was taken by Commonwealth troops on 9 April 1917, but it was partly in German hands again from March to August 1918. The cemetery was begun in April 1917 by fighting units and burial officers, and Rows A to H in Plot I largely represent burials from the battlefield. The remaining graves in Plot I, and others in the first three rows of Plot II, represent later fighting in 1917 and the first three months of 1918, and the clearing of the village in August 1918. These 390 original burials were increased after the Armistice when graves were brought in from a wide area east of Arras and from smaller burial grounds. The cemetery now contains 1,642 Commonwealth burials and commemorations of the Great War, 611 of the burials are unidentified, but there are special memorials to 14 casualties known or believed to be buried among them. Other special memorials commemorate 11 men of the 6th Bn. K.O.S.B., buried in Tees Trench Cemetery No.2, whose graves were destroyed by shell fire. The cemetery was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.

  5. These are the categories that I have on my computer in bookmarks. I will update this page on a regular basis, particularly during the early phase of the "sorting into categories".

     

    These are ONLY for the British cases here on the GWF. They do not include any of the cases on the CEFSG (here).

     

    I was initially posting this information for the benefit of GWF PALS that wanted to investigate the case further and possibly take it to the reporting stage. I was not familiar enough with the Regiments and did not have access to the UK War Diaries, so I could not finish the case. With the assistance of the Long, Long Trail and now with Ance$try Worldwide, I am able to proceed. There are a number of these cases still listed in the final category below ("Other Cases Posted") and I am now in the process of working through these to move them to the other categories. Many may end up in the "Abandon or Hold" category, which I have now split. If you have looked at a report and believe it is in the wrong category, let me know.

     

    Changes to this blog include:

    • 23 November 2019 the details of acceptance or rejection during the Approvals Process have now been added, which are generally emails from the CWGC. Any team response or report updates are then uploaded to the site. This information, on how the process works, may be of benefit to other researchers.
    • 12 February 2019 the topic lists that have multiple nationalities have been sorted and classified as to their nationality
    • 25 January 2018 addition for "Short Listed Candidates". Those are the cases where is there is more than one person that fits the characteristics for the grave but the list is very short. The reason for this category is for FAMILY who may be researching an UNKNOWN, so they now know it may be their relative in that grave - but it is not a positive identification. This category has also been used where one or more of the candidates has been identified elsewhere, thus shortening the list.
    • 5 July 2018 addition of "CWGC Reports to be Submitted / Possibly Incorrect Identifications". It appears that the named person is "clearly" (not a minor question) in that grave. This has not been applied yet to cases where a recent submission (post 2000) may have misidentified an UNKNOWN (i.e. Kipling Case).
    • 8 July 2018 added "A member is looking for this soldier".
    • 22 July 2018 added "The Approvals Process", in concert with the 1st "Phase I" Approval.
    • 27 October 2018 added "Abandon or Hold / Accounted for by Special Memorial(s)" - men are listed missing but may be on a Special Memorial within a cemetery

     

    The cases are now also posted to TWITTER as:

     

    As always, I appreciate the assistance of any member who wishes to participate in these investigations. If a draft report is prepared, any member is welcome to review the document and provide comments, corrections or criticisms. If the report goes to the Submission Stage, any member that participated in the process can have their name added to the report. For that I need your Real Name, Affiliation (can be as simple as "Private Researcher") and your email address (so the CWGC can contact you directly if they wish).

     

    A list of both the Canadian and Commonwealth reports that I have submitted can be found here, with download links:

     

    The difference between the Canadian and Commonwealth reports is that initially the Canadian reports were submitted to the CWGC Canadian Agency in Ottawa for review first. If acceptable to Ottawa, they then were forwarded to the Maidenhead CWGC Office. This process was modified in January 2019 so that now all cases go directly to the CWGC Maidenhead.

     

    As cases move through the process, their place on the list below is modified. A topic might go from "New Cases" to "Reports Submitted" and then up to the "Approvals Process". There it might stay for a considerable length of time, before being marked as "Approved" or "Rejected". Once in that part of the process, additional information is added, such as a direct link to the report or review documents received from the approvals authorities (including rejections). Under the new process, a "Commonwealth Case" must make it through all three (3) phases of the approvals process. There is no information at present to indicate a "Canadian Case" would move through the process in the UK or if it would then be sent back to Ottawa.

     

     

    zzg5p2sub5zg4lf6g.jpg

    Corporal Martin Carroll #55818, Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery, Plot 6 Row D Grave 3

    2nd Division, 4th Infantry Brigade, 19th Infantry Battalion

    CANADIAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

    Killed in Action of 8 August 1918

    Reported Found 29 May 2015

    Rededication Service 1 December 2016

  6. Desmond7's Blog

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    Hartley slipped out of the saddle and walked around the side of the stationary vehicle.

    "Having a spot of trouble?" he asked.

    "Damn!" cursed the VAD, as her head struck the underside of the bonnet.

    She appraised the dapper young officer who had startled her.

    "Oh sorry," she said. "Forgive the language, you just took me by surprise there."

    Hartley apologised and joined her by the engine compartment.

    "Can’t say I know much about these things," said Hartley. "I say, aren’t you a little bit out of bounds? I would not have expected to find one you gals around here."

    The girl used a rag to clean oil from her delicate hands.

    "You’d be surprised what we do Mr. … sorry I didn’t catch your name?"

    "My apologies. Hartley’s the name. Mudshires. And you are?" he countered.

    "Alexandra Ford, but I’ve been called Sandy from the year dot. I was taking some goodies up to the Salvation Army stalls, bit of a favour for an old friend who runs the show in this area," she explained.

    Hartley raised his eyebrows.

    "How very good of you. Most admirable," he said. "Well, we can’t have you stuck out here. Have another look at your engine and if you can’t get this charabanc going, I’ll ride over to Pop and return with a rescue party! Can’t have a damsel in distress, y’know."

    Sandy Ford smiled politely and bent again towards the engine casing.

    Hartley moved behind her.

    "I wonder if you would hold this flashlight for me," she asked.

    "Oh I don’t think you’ll need that where you are going," he snarled, pulling back her blonde hair and exposing her throat to the cold steel of the razor.

    The girl’s blood mingled with the oil and grime of the engine. It would not make a good lubricant.

    As Hartley’s fist closed in the VAD’s hair, Lonnie Lonergan leapt to his feet.

    Willie McCallion tackled him and the two men fell to the ground.

    "She’s already a goner Lonnie," hissed McCallion through gritted teeth. "Now take a f..king picture of that animal while he’s at the scene. We’ve got the arrogant pig if you can work that camera!"

    For a second, Lonergan stared aghast at the hatred on the face of his mate, then he focused the camera and snapped Hartley as he retrieved some souvenirs for his new collection from the still twitching body of the murdered girl.

  7. In March 1915 the War Office issued an Army Order regarding soldiers paybook and the wills contained therein.

     

    "In the case of soldiers who have been or may be discharged, or at the conclusion of active service, wills in the possession of officers in charge of records will be sent to the men themselves.

    On a soldier giving up his paybook, either after the conclusion of a term of active service, or on the book becoming full, any will contained therein will be cut out and handed to him for disposal as he may think fit.

    If a soldier dies before his paybook has been given up, any will contained therein will be cut out and forwarded to the War Office, the paybook being sent to the fixed centre paymaster compiling the man's account."

     

    Therefore many of the soldiers paybook wills belonging to the dead survive.

    The majority of those to Scottish Regiments being held at the National Records For Scotland and hosted for viewing (for a fee per mans record) on the Scotlands People website.

    Others exists yet in service records, or in the Irish paybook wills collection and the England and Wales collection.

     

    Regarding those held in Edinburgh for those who died in service with the Black Watch.

    1,886 are in the collection, to the various battalions of the regiment. (1,965 are now listed. When i did this analysis there were still some formatting issues with the indexing)

     

    For each battalion there exist:

    1st: 342

    2nd: 244

    4th: 73

    5th: 23

    4th/5th: 152

    6th: 194

    7th: 222

    8th: 272

    9th: 239

    10th: 23

    13th: 26

    14th: 58

    UK deaths: 6 - (2) 1st Bn, (1) 2nd Bn, (3) 3rd Bn, (1) 2nd/7th Bn.

     

    1,187 have a known grave.

    699 are named on a memorial to the missing.

     

    During the war 8,689 men were recorded as dying while serving with the Black Watch.
    Therefore the remaining 1,886 soldiers wills represent only 21.6% of the fatalities.

     

    Many wills have been lost, along with their owner in no man's land, or taken by the enemy when captured. Many will have went up in smoke at Arnside, when so many valuable military records were destroyed.
    Some will of course exist in the other two collections previously mentioned.

     

    The details they contain can vary.
    It depends if they are the basic paybook will, with an empty page with "Will" at the top, which most are, or if they are a "Shortform Will", "Informal Will" or "Formal Will" these have formated "fill in the blank" structure.

    The basic Will ones are usually no more than a brief hand written note leaving all their property and effects to a spouse or parent, with a name and address, then signed and dated, giving their name, rank and number.
    The others have  much the same details, sometimes with date they were reported killed or missing.

     

    The index to 26,000 soldiers Wills is freely viewable on Scotlands People.

  8. Dec 31st

    Relieved by K.R.R’s and marched back to 49th Division Camp at Vlmertinghe arriving about 12.30am 1-1-16 absolutely knocked up, so we saw in the new year marching along a Belgium road in a pretty exhausted condition, but we managed to welcome it with a song or two nevertheless.

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    **********End this diary/blog where it began.....20 blog pages ago....marching along a Belgium road pretty exhausted but welcoming the new year with a song of two***************

    Dedicated to the memory of my grandfather....

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    If anyone wants a word version of this diary just let me know and I will email it. It is also available at the Imperial War Museum IWM -ref: 82/11/1

    Ends.

  9. Albert Henry Victor Brackley enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force under a false name in 1916. He had ‘deserted’ his wife and two children when he sailed for England later that year. His ruse was discovered when he went absent without leave and after his wife told the Australian Army he had enlisted as ‘Herbert Walters’. Just a few months later, he ended up on the Western Front – facing the greatest danger. Here, I look at the story of Albert, who was connected to my family.

    He didn’t fight on the front line – but beneath it. He helped to dig tunnels under No Man’s Land to allow explosives to be detonated under enemy positions.

    The work was exhausting and dangerous. The explosions were frequently devastating, sometimes killing thousands of soldiers.

    Albert, a sapper in the Royal Australian Engineers, was one of tens of thousands of tunnellers on the Western Front in the Great War.

    He joined the 1st Australian Tunnelling Company – who carried out vital offensive and defensive mining work in France – in the summer of 1917.

    Just a few months before arriving on the front line, Albert found himself at the centre of a major controversy.

    He enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on October 10, 1916 under a false name, calling himself Herbert Walters.

    He was not the first or last soldier with an assumed identity. But he was found out after going ‘absent without leave’ – and deserting his wife and two children in Australia.

    Albert sailed to England with the AIF on October 25, 1916 and arrived in Plymouth on December 28 that year.

    Ten days later – on January 7, 1917 – he went missing from Perham Down Army Camp on the edge of Salisbury Plain.

    He surrendered himself in London to a sergeant in the Army Military Police on February 20 that year, and was sentenced to 60 days’ detention.

    When he had been sailing to England, Albert’s wife, Queenie Alice Maud Brackley, wrote to the officer in charge of Army base records in Melbourne, declaring that she had been ‘advised by the police to let you know that my husband had enlisted under the name of Herbert Walters’.

    Queenie, aware that he had left Australia with the AIF, said she had a warrant out for his arrest – issued on November 9, 1916 – for deserting her and her two children.

    She revealed that a Mrs (Lydia) White – Albert’s aunt, listed as a ‘friend’ and next of kin when he enlisted under a false name – had been ‘drawing his money’ (wages) since he joined the Royal Australian Engineers.

    On March 2, 1917, while in custody, Albert signed a declaration that he had enlisted under an incorrect name after Queenie submitted a sworn statement before a Justice of the Peace that he and Herbert Walters were ‘one and the same person’.

    When in France, Albert was twice admitted to hospital with diarrhoea and repeatedly punished for going absent without leave.

    At one stage he was promoted to lance-corporal but ‘reverted’ to sapper shortly after the appointment.

    Admitted to the Australian Dermatological Hospital at Bulford on Salisbury Plain in 1919 with syphilis, Albert returned to Australia from Devonport in January 1920.

    In May that year, Albert was charged, on warrant, with deserting his wife and children after he arrived back in Australia.

    He and Queenie were divorced in February 1922. Albert, then a tramway worker, petitioned for the divorce on the grounds of misconduct.

    He claimed that during his active war service, his wife gave birth to a third child fathered by another man.

    Albert married Alma Beck (1895-1959) on September 9, 1922 in Victoria, and they had a son, William Albert Ernest, who was held as a Japanese prisoner of war in Thailand in the Second World War.

    Albert was a farmer when he died on May 20, 1924 at the public hospital in Swan Hill, Victoria, aged 33. He was buried at Swan Hill Cemetery, Victoria.

    Queenie, born on May 24, 1895 in Inglewood, Victoria, died on August 14, 1963 in Bendigo, Victoria, aged 68. She was buried in Bendigo Cemetery.

    Alma Beck, born on June 28, 1895 in Victoria, married Albert’s younger brother, George Alfred Brackley (1897-1963) on May 2, 1925 in Victoria. She died on October 10, 1959 in Parkville, Victoria, aged 64.

    NOTES

    The Victoria Police Gazette in Australia reported on November 9, 1916 – under the headline ‘Deserters of wives and children’ – that Albert was charged, on warrant, with deserting Queenie.

    Albert’s service records reveal that he initially enlisted in the 14th Infantry Battalion of the AIF under his own name in May 1915 in Tarnagulla, Victoria, Australia. Aged 24 at the time, he was a labourer. The records show that he failed to embark for service abroad in September 1915.

    The 1st Australian Tunnelling Company were one of four tunnelling companies of the Royal Australian Engineers in the Great War. They helped to spearhead offensive and defensive mining work, including placing mines under enemy lines and building dugouts and trenches for troops.

    In the months leading up to the Battle of Messines in June 1917 – which began with the detonation of 19 mines which killed 10,000 German soldiers and left 19 large craters – the 1st Australian Tunnelling Company helped to ensure that tunnels and explosives in the area remained intact and undiscovered.

    Albert, born on October 10, 1890 in Tarnagulla, Victoria, Australia, was the son of Henry George Brackley (1850-1924) and Mary Elizabeth Hurford (1872-1899). Mary was the daughter of William Hurford (1840-1915), of Stockleigh English and Mary Ann Roberts (1842-1926), who emigrated to Australia after their marriage in Cornwall in 1863. William was the son of William Hurford (1802-1881) and Charlotte Roberts (1815-1884). Charlotte was the daughter of Thomas Roberts (1770-1852) and Elizabeth Sharland (1776-1841). Thomas was my great-great-great-great grandfather. Albert married Queenie Alice Maud Hughes (1895-1963) on February 12, 1913 in Bendigo, Victoria.

    Picture below:

    Albert Henry Victor Brackley. Used with the permission of his great-granddaughter, Sonya Salzke.

    albert henry victor brackley.jpg

  10. "But Georges," said Dominique, dismayed, "How do I do that?"

    The General considered a minute.

    "It isn't going to be easy. You will have to go to her. Take Drouin and a Staff car - it will be better than arriving in your own car with chauffeur, and the fact that the village is in the Canadian military zone is a good excuse. As to what you are to say, I can't tell you that. It will be up to you to read Marie, and respond in whatever way will touch her."

    And so it was that a week later Dominique found herself knocking at the door of the house of Marie's cousins. She felt very vulnerable. Drouin had driven off, promising to return within the hour.

    It was Marie who answered the door.

    Dominique screwed up her courage.

    "Mademoiselle Drollet? May I come in?

    Marie's back straightened at the sight of Dominique, but she bade Dominique come into the sitting room.

    "Mademoiselle Drollet - Marie? I've come to apologize."

    "Yes?" replied Marie.

    "I should have introduced myself back at the hospital. And I should have thanked you for helping me nurse the General. I am Madame Johnson - well, Veuve Johnson to be correct. The General tells me that you are the Marie that Jean wrote to tell me he would marry. But I understand that you have dismissed him. Would you tell me why? Do you not love him anymore? Or do you feel that his family would not approve?

    Marie stammered her reasons, ending with "And of course you and the General would not want a farm girl for a daughter-in-law."

    Dominique looked at her. "Georges has had nothing but good things to say about you. He says you love Jean very much, and I know he loves you. And above all other things, I want Jean to be happy."

    "Marie, let me tell you a story. Years ago there was a young girl. She was attractive, but had little money, and truth be told not a whole lot of intelligence. But because she was attractive, she had many admirers. There was one she liked better than the others. He was a young army officer, just starting his career. But he was due to be posted to Algeria, and this girl did not want to leave France, so she did not encourage him. And the night before he left it seemed there was something he wanted to say, but it was left unsaid because he received no encouragement. Shortly after, the girl met a wealthy lawyer who was visiting France, married him, and went to live in Canada. They had one son - that was all. He was good to her in his own way, but he was not the right man."

    "As you will have guessed, Marie, that girl was me. I spent over twenty years in a foreign country. Years that I could have spent with a man I truly loved. But God was good. Edward died, and the young officer, now a General had not married. And I found him again, but gravely wounded. I was selfish back then, and I fear I've never quite lost it. I should have payed more attention to you, whether or not I knew you were my son's fiancee."

    "Marie, please do not make the same mistake that I did. If you love Jean, as I believe you do, please let him know. You might not be as fortunate as I was."

    Marie threw herself into Dominique's arms, and burst into tears. Dominique held her and cried as well.

    "I love him!" cried Marie. "It's just this war, and my father, and maman. I can't stand the waiting, the fear that I will lose another dear one."

    "You must be brave, as I must be. This war will not last forever, but we must finish it. And then there will be time to rebuild, to marry. Please, let John know that you love him. It will give him something to help him through to the end."

    "Can't you do that for me, Madame?" asked Marie. "I'm too ashamed of my behaviour."

    "No. my dear. It must come from you. Otherwise it will just be 'Maman interfering again' and John won't trust it."

  11. It's been a long time since my last post in this blog, so here is one interesting article.

     

     

    The Romanian 2nd Army's success at Marasti forced the Central Powers to revise their plans. The offensive planned in the Namoloasa area was abandoned and the bulk of the forces were moved in the Focsani area. The new offensive was going to be launched west of the Siret River, on the Focsani – Marasesti – Adjud direction, with the German 9th Army (general Johannes von Eben) and on the Oituz Valley with the Austro-Hungarian 1st Army (Archduke Joseph). The objective was to encircle and destroy the 2nd Army.

     

    On the other side, the Romanian General Headquarters decided to cancel its attack in the Namoloasa area. The Russian 4th Army had to be pulled out from the front in southern Moldavia and moved north, where it could threaten the flank of the Austro-German forces advancing in Galicia. The Romanian 1st Army was going to replace the Russian troops departing the area.

    For the offensive, the German 9th Army was strengthened with units brought from the French (the Alpine Corps, which arrived on 6 August) or Italian fronts. General von Eben decided to deliver the main blow with the German 1st Corps (6 divisions), while to its left the German 18th Reserve Corps (3 divisions) had to pin down the Entente troops opposite it. The right wing of the 9th Army was manned by the Ramnic Group (2 divisions). The reserve was made up of one German and one Austro-Hungarian divisions and the Alpine Corps, which arrived in the area during the first day of the battle. The German forces in the attack sector were 102 infantry battalions, 10 cavalry squadrons, 24 pioneer companies, 2 armored cars, 1,135 machine-guns, 356 mortars, 223 field guns and 122 heavy guns and howitzers.

     

    Opposite the German 1st Corps was the Russian 4th Army, which had in contact with the enemy only two corps: on the right the 8th (3 divisions) and on the left the 7th (2 divisions). The reserve was made up of one infantry and one cavalry divisions. These totaled 84 infantry battalions, 52 cavalry squadrons, 280 field guns and 36 heavy guns. The bulk of the Romanian 1st Army was at Tecuci and was getting to cross the Siret River and replace the Russians.

    The German 9th Army's offensive was preceded by a powerful artillery preparation, which began at 0430 hours on 6 August 1917. At 0730 hours the 1st Corps (general Kurt von Morgen) started the attack, with the 12th Bavarian, 76th and 89th Infantry Divisions in the first line and with another two divisions in the second echelon. The front defended by the Russian 13th and 34th Infantry Divisions was broken and 10 km breach was created. The Russians started a disorderly retreat east of the Siret River. At the request of the Russian command, general Constantin Christescu, CO of the 1st Army, ordered maj. general Eremia Grigorescu, CO of the Romanian 6th Corps, to intervene west of the Siret with the 5th Infantry Division and with the 9th Infantry Division to defend the river's eastern bank. The 32nd Dorobanti Regiment Mircea and the 8th Dorobanti Regiment Buzau counterattacked and stopped the Central Powers offensive on the line Moara Alba – Doaga – Furceni.

     

    Seeing that the chances to force the crossing over the river are minimal, in the morning of 7 August, the German command redirected the offensive to the north, with four divisions. The effort was concentrated against the Romanian 5th Infantry Division, but the assault was repulsed. However, a bulge was created at the junction with the Russian troops, but the situation was saved by the counterattack of two battalions from the division's reserve. At noon, after a short artillery preparation, the enemy renewed the attack enjoying a 3 to 1 numerical superiority. The 3rd Vanatori Regiment held out in the Doaga village against an entire German division. The same thing happened in the sector of the 32nd Dorobanti Regiment Mircea. The soldiers in this unit made several bayonet charges only in their shirts, because of the suffocating heat, managing to push back the Germans to their positions. In the evening, the 1st Corps attacked and broke through the front of the Russian division on the right flank of the Romanian 5th Division. Threatened with the encirclement, the 32nd Regiment retreated to the Cosmesti Bridge. To fill the gap created, the Romanian 9th Infantry Division was introduced west of the Siret River. It was continuously attacked. In the evening of 7 August, under the cover of darkness, a German group approached and assaulted the 9th Division's flank, engaging into hand-to-hand fights. The Romanians abandoned Doaga and retreated to the outskirts of the Prisaca Forest, where a new defensive line was established. That day the 5th Division lost 44 officers and 1,770 soldiers (dead, wounded and missing). The front moved back 2-3 km.

    On 8 August, general von Eben changed the attack sector to the west, on the front held by Russian units. In the evening, during the second assault, they were forced to retreat. A Russian regiment was almost completely destroyed. The Romanian front was bombarded and the attack on the 5th and 9th Infantry Divisions resumed the following day. On 9 August 1917, the German effort was increased. The assault started at 1900 hours, after a powerful artillery preparation, which caused many casualties to the 9th Division. Its troops were only able to dig foxholes, because the ground was very dry and hard to dig. The Germans again took heavy casualties because of the Romanian and Russian artillery situated on the eastern bank of the Siret River, which was firing directing into the attackers' flank. However, the first line of the Romanian defense was pierced in several spots, but reserves intervened and repulsed them after some very violent fighting. The 34th Regiment, which faced the 12th Bavarian Division, held out against three consecutive assaults. Only the 2nd Battalion, under the command of Major Gheorghe Mihail, the future Chief of the General Staff in 1940 and 1944, remained in the first line. It counterattacked and captured 62 prisoners and two machine-guns. The unit's battle flag was decorated later with Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class. The same award was bestowed upon the regiment's CO, colonel Virgiliu Dumbrava, as well the 2nd Battalion's CO. But the casualties were heavy: 35 officers and 1,551 soldiers. The 36th Regiment lost 36 officers and 954 soldiers. Also, the 7th and 32nd Dorobanti Regiments suffered many casualties. During the night, at 0200 hours, another assault took place and the Germans managed to push back for several hundred meters the 9th Division and the right wing of the 5th Division. The neighboring Russian division was also forced to retreat, but the Russian 4th Army counterattacked and captured 2,500 prisoners and recovered the lost ground.

    The last failures had weakened the German 9th Army. Thus, general von Eben strengthened the 1st Corps with a new division and the 18th Reserve Corps with the Alpine Corps.

     

    On 10 August, it was the Entente's turn to attack. General Christescu and general Ragoza, the CO of the Russian 4th Army, decided to strike each with a corps of two divisions the bulge in the German line. During the morning, the 9th Army attacked the Russian sector, but gained little ground. At 1700 hours, the allied infantry started the assault, after a long artillery preparation. The 9th Infantry Division took the first German trenches, but because of the losses it had to abandon them. Reinforced with a regiment form the Romanian 13th Infantry Division, it resumed the attack, but again without success. The 5th Infantry Division and a regiment of the 14th Infantry Division managed to get inside the German positions, but could keep them. The 8th Dorobanti and 3rd Vanatori Regiments managed to enter the Doaga village, but were repulsed. The situation was similar in the sector of the Russian 4th Army. However the offensive had reduced the combat potential of the German 76th, 89th and 115th Infantry Divisions, which had suffered the brunt of the assault. These were already exhausted after several days of failed attacks. The report of general von Eben to the Army Group CO, marshal von Mackensen, mentions the fact that the 216th Infantry Division had suffered many casualties because of the flank bombardment of the Romanian artillery yon the eastern bank of the Siret.

    For the following day, general Christescu imposed a limited objective to the 6th Corps: the Doaga – Susita Valley. The Russian 4th Army had decided to remain on the defensive. The Germans attacked in its sector at 1600 hours, after a three hour artillery preparation, and again forced the Russian troops to retreat. At 1630 hours, the Romanian 9th Infantry Division began the assault without knowing the situation in the neighboring sector. After the Russian retreat the flank was exposed. The division's CO sent a battalion to extend the line. The Germans were advancing on Marasesti and the situation became extremely dangerous for the Entente.

    The 9th Vanatori Regiment, which was in the division's reserve, was quickly brought in and set up positions in the factory north of the town. It managed to stop the German troops that were threatening to encircle the 9th Infantry Division. For this action, lt. col. Gheorghe Rasoviceanu, the regiment's CO, was awarded the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class. A regiment of the 13th Infantry Division, from the 6th Crops' reserve, established the link with the Russians. The 5th Infantry Division attacked in the Doaga area, but the 7th and 8th Dorobanti Regiments failed to enter the village. The same day, maj. general Eremia Grigorescu was named at the command of the 1st Army.

    Noticing that the troops of the German 1st Corps were exhausted, general von Eben decided to assign the main strike to the 18th Reserve Corps of maj. gen. Kurt von Wenniger, which had suffered fewer losses and was less tired. Thus, on 12 August, the 9th German Army attacked with small forces the 5th Infantry Division, in order to pin it down, and concentrated its forces against the Russian 4th Army, taking Panciu. Following this failure, general Ragoza wanted to retreat the Russian-Romanian front north of Marasesti., but abandoned the idea at maj. gen. Eremia Grigorescu's pleas. Lt. gen. Constantin Prezan, the Chief of the General Staff, decided to replace the Russian 7th Corps with the Romanian 5th Corps (10th and 13th Infantry Divisions) and to put the Russian 8th Corps under the command of the Romanian 1st Army. The staff of the Russian 4th Army was retreated to Bacau from where it was reassigned to another front.

     

    On 13 August, the 18th Reserve Corps attacked the Russian troops north of Panciu, but failed to make any breakthrough. The following day, general von Eben ordered the 1st Corps to eliminate the Romanian bulge in the area of the Prisaca Forest and take the bridge over the Siret River at Cozmesti. In the same time, the 18th Reserve Corps had to attack on the Zabraut Valley. After powerful artillery preparation commenced the assault on the Russian 8th Corps' positions. Brig. gen. Henri Cihoski, CO of the 10th Infantry Division, sent the 10th Vanatori Regiment as help. It surprised the Alpine Corps and caused it important casualties, some in vicious hand-to-hand combat.

     

    The vanatori managed to take Hill 334, but were forced to retreat following a powerful artillery bombardment. The 38th Infantry Regiment Neagoe Basarab also intervened and its CO, col. Gheorghe Cornescu, received the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class for the counterattack that stopped the German offensive, which threatened to penetrate in the Susita Valley, behind the Romanian 2nd Army. The Russian 8th Corps was forced to pull back north of Iresti and Straoani.

     

    The 5th Infantry Division, at the other end of the front, had been reduced to one third of its initial size during the last days of fighting. The positions in the Prisaca Forest were heavily bombarded by German artillery. At 1700 hours the assault began with two divisions and forced the Romanian troops to retreat. The division's reserves, as well as a regiment form the 14th Infantry Division, in the army's reserve, intervened and stopped the German advance north of the Prisaca Forest. The bridge at Cozmesti was blown up, as the Romanian engineers had built another two to the north. The exhausted 5th Infantry Division was pulled out of the first line.

     

    On 15 August, the 18th Reserve Corps continued the offensive and managed to create a breach at the junction between the 10th Infantry Division and the Russian division to its right. The 10th Vanatori Regiment, supported by 10 Romanian and 3 Russian batteries, counterattacked and reestablished the situation. However, with its left wing, the 18th Corps took Muncel, forcing theRussians to pull back. Thus the link between the two Romanian armies was threatened. The 2ndArmy attacked with the "Colonel Alexiu" Detachment made up of 2 vanatori battalions, 2 infantry battalions and 3 artillery batteries, which, together with a Russian cavalry division, retook control of the village. The following day, the Germans occupiued half of Muncel, but were again forced to retreat after the assault of col. Alexandru Alexiu's men.

     

    The days of 17 and 18 August were calm. The losses suffered by both sides, forced the commanders to reorganize their units. Maj. gen. Eremia Grigorescu replaced the 14th Infantry Division, which was deployed east of the Siret River, with the 1st and 6th Rosiori Brigades and the hard pressed 5th Infantry Division with the 2nd Cavalry Division. The latter and the two brigades formed the Cavalry Corps. The 14th Infantry Division was moved on the northern bank of the Siret River in the Cozmestii de Vale area. Also, the army's heavy artillery was redeployed so that it could better cover the sector of the 5th Corps (10th, 13th and 9th Infantry Divisions). The 1st Army's reserve was made up of the 15th Infantry Division and of the 5th Infantry Division, under reorganization. On the other side, at the intervention of marshal von Mackensen, general von Eben grouped 7 infantry divisions under the command of the German 1st Corps and subordinated almost all the heavy artillery of the 9th Army to it. These forces totalized 55 battalions and 95 batteries.

     

    On 19 August, the Germans resumed the offensive, attacking with the 1st Corps towards Marasesti and with 18th Reserve Corps on the Panciu-Muncel direction. The main effort was concentrated in the sector between Marasesti and the Razoare Forest, defended by the Romanian 9th and 13th Infantry Divisions, the latter being assaulted by three enemy divisions. The artillery preparation started at 0630 hours in the area of the trenches of the 47/72nd, 51/52nd and 50/64th Infantry Regiments, from the first line of the 13th Infantry Division, and at the western outskirts of Marasesti, where the 9th Vanatori Regiment of the 9th Infantry Division was located. It lasted for two hours and was the most violent artillery bombardment of the entire battle. At 0900 hours the first assaults small scale began and were easily repulsed. After 1100 hours a very powerful attack started. The main blow was delivered north of the Razoare Forest, at the junction of the 13th and 10th Infantry Divisions. The 10th Infantry Division was attacked by the 13th Austro-Hungarian Division, which failed to breakthrough the Romanian lines.

     

    The 13th Infantry Division, commanded by brig. gen. Ioan Popescu, was the Romanian unit that saw the most action that day. It occupied a front 6 km wide, with the 47/72nd Infantry Regiment at the south-western edge of the Razoare Forest, the 50/64th Infantry Regiment in the Negroponte Vineyards and the 51/52nd Infantry Regiment in the middle. The reserve was made up of one battalion of the 50/64th Regiment and the 48/49th Regiment. 15 Romanian and 15 Russian batteries provided artillery support.

     

    The attack started at 0900 hours. In the sector of the 47/72nd Infantry Regiment, the German assaults failed one after another. The 1st Battalion was situated on the left wing, south of the Razoare Forest. It was attacked by the 28th Bavarian Infantry Regiment (from the 12th Bavarian Division) and by units of the German 89th and 115th Divisions. The 2nd Battalion, on the right wing, was assaulted by the Austro-Hungarian 13th Infantry Division. The 3rd Battalion was kept in reserve. The regiment's CO, lt. col. Radu Rosetti, the former chief of the Operations Bureau of the General Staff in 1916, was wounded at a leg during the fighting. At the center, the 51/52nd Regiment was situated in an open position ands was also powerfully attacked. It had to pull back. The Germans tried to use the momentum and infiltrate behind the positions of the two regiments on the flanks of the Romanian 13th Infantry Division. The 3rd Battalion/47/72nd Infantry Regiment, under the command of maj. Draganescu counterattacked and stopped their advance. The reserves of the 51/52nd Regiment joined the fight directed by the unit's CO, lt. col. Ioan Cristofor, buying time for the reinforcements sent by the division to arrive. The 1st Machine-gun Company commanded by cpt. Grigore Ignat, stubbornly held its position, being almost totally destroyed. Its CO was posthumously awarded the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class. However, the Germans advanced towards Hill 100, behind which the allied artillery was situated. The 50/64th Regiment had to pull back its right wing, because of the enemy advance in the sector of the 51/52nd Regiment. Lt. col. Diamandi Genuneanu, the 50/64th Regiment's CO, organized the defense south of Hill 100 and managed to hold out against two Bavarian regiments for two hours.

    General Popescu organized the counterattack against the German forces closing in on Hill 100. The 2 battalions in reserve, together with the 3rd Battalion/47/72nd Regiment and other units attacked from several different directions the German 115th Infantry Division, which had infiltrated between the Razoare Forest and the Negroponte Vineyards. The artillery of the 10th Infantry Division also intervened in the fighting at that moment, at the orders of the army's CO. The 1st Battalion/50/64th Regiment, commanded by cpt. Nicolae Miclescu, emerged from the Negroponte Vineyards and surprised the German infantry in the area and pushed it back to towards the Razoare Forest. Cpt. Miclescu was wounded during the action. He was later awarded the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class. The 3rd Battalion/47/72nd Infantry Regiment and the 2nd Battalion/48/49th Infantry Regiment joined the battle. The resistance at the edge of the Razoare Forest was broken following a violent bayonet charge. The Germans started a disorderly retreat. The entire 47/72nd Infantry Regiment started a counterattack, followed soon by the 39th Infantry Regiment (from 10th Infantry Division). The German troops retreated towards the Susita Valley, dragging along the units of the Austro-Hungarian 13th Division. The Romanians captured the first line of the enemy positions, but the advanced was stopped by maj. general Eremia Grigorescu, because von Eben had already started to deploy his reserves.

     

    The 10th Division and, especially, the 13th Division had achieved a great victory. The commanders of the two divisions, as well as the commanders of the 47/72nd, 50/64th and 51/52nd Regiments were awarded the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class. Another 7 officers received this high distinction for the fighting on 19 August. The 39th Infantry Regiment Petru Rares captured 376 POWs and 7 machine-guns and advanced 500 m on a 4 km wide front. The 47/72nd Infantry Regiment took 209 POWs and 4 machine-guns. But the losses were high. The same regiment lost 880 men (99 killed, 300 wounded and 481 missing). The regiment's flag, as well as those of the other hard pressed units on 19 August were also decorated with the Mihai Viteazul Order 3rd class.

    The same day, the Germans attacked the sector of the 9th Infantry Division, situated south of the 13th Division. It had been reduced to 4,500 men in the previous days of hard fighting. In the first line were the 9th Vanatori Regiment on the right wing and the 40th Infantry Regiment Calugareni on the left wing. After a powerful artillery preparation, two German infantry divisions started their attack. Following some heavy fighting in the ruins of the factory north of Marasesti, the 9th Vanatori Regiment was forced to fall back towards the city. The 40th Infantry Regiment also abandoned its first positions. The 9th Division reformed the front on the line south Negroponte Vineyards – Marasesti Railroad Station – south Marasesti, which it held against the enemy assaults, with the help of the artillery of the 14th Infantry Division from the eastern bank of the Siret River, firing directly in the German flank.

     

    Because of the failure of its army to take the objectives on 19 August, general von Eben decided that the continuation of the offensive was no longer possible. A week of pause followed, which both sides used for reorganizing. The 9th Army again changed the attack sector. The 18th Reserve Corps was strengthened with 3 divisions and the entire heavy artillery at the army's disposal. The Romanian 1st Army received the 11th Infantry Divison. Maj. general Eremia Grigorescu redeployed his forces. Thus, the Russian 8th Corps formed the army's right wing in the Muncelul area. It had two divisions in the first line and another two reforming in the back. The Romanian 5th Corps (10th and 15th Infantry Divisions) held the front all the way to Marasesti Railroad Station, where it linked up with the 3rd Corps (14th Infantry Division), situated between Marasesti and the Siret River. East of the river was the Cavalry Corps (1st and 6th Rosiori Brigades, 2nd Cavalry Division and one brigade of the 5th Infantry Division). The army's reserve was made up of the 9th, 11th and 13th Infantry Divisions and the other brigade of the 5th Division.

     

    The offensive of the 18th Corps started in the sector of the Russian 8th Corps on 28 August. At 0900 hours the German troops infiltrated between the two Russian divisions and forced them to retreat. Two regiments of the Romanian 3rd Infantry Division from the 2nd Army intervened and managed to stop the German advance together with the Russian reserves. The following day, general Grigorescu prepared an attack in the Muncelul area, aimed at eliminating the bulge created by the Germans. He put at the disposal of the Russian 8th Corps another Russian division, as well as the Romanian 9th Infantry Division, a regiment from the 13th and another from the 15th Division. The two regiments from the 2nd Army were also supposed to participate in this action.

     

    The assault started at 0800 hours, from the north and west, but found the Germans ready for an attack of their own and it was repulsed. The second one, around 1700 hours, was also repulsed. The Germans forced the right wing of the Russian 124th Division to pull back. Two battalions from the 2nd Army intervened and managed to stop the enemy advance during the night. The 11th and 13th Infantry Divisions were brought behind the threatened areas. The 5th Division crossed to on the western bank of the Siret River. On 30 August, the German 18th Reserve Corps resumed the attack and its troops managed to get between the 18th Dorobanti Regiment Gorj and the 2nd Vanatori Regiment of the 2nd Army. The 34th Infantry Regiment Constanta, belonging to the 9th Division from the 1st Army, counterattacked and plucked in the breach.

     

    The Russian 8th Corps was strengthened with the 13th Infantry Division on 31 August, when, because of the weather, there was no fighting. General Eremia Grigorescu subordinated the 9th Infantry Division and a Russian division to the CO of the 13th Division, brig. general Ioan Popescu. This group attacked on 1 September. The artillery preparation started at 0600 hours, with all the artillery available to the group, as well as with the artillery of the other two Russian divisions and the army's heavy artillery. After one hour, the 9th and 13th Divisions attacked from the west and the 3rd Infantry Division (belonging to the 2nd Army), commanded by brig. general Alexandru Margineanu, from the north. After some heavy fighting, the 13th Division advanced up t o200 m of Muncelul. The 18th Corps counterattacked in the sector of the 3rd Infantry Division, but was repulsed. The following day, the same 3rd Division suffered the brunt of the 9th Army's strike. The main objective was the Porcului Hill, defended by the 30th Dorobanti Regiment Muscel. It lost the positions, but they were retaken following the counterattack of the division's reserves and of a Russian regiment. It was the last major operation of the German 9th Army in the Marasesti sector.

     

    The offensive of the 1st Army in the Muncelul area was resumed on 3 September. The 11th Infantry Division was subordinated to the General Popescu Group, entering the first line beside the 9th and 13th Divisions. The Russian division and the regiments of the 2nd Army formed the reserve. The plan was to attack frontally with the 9th Division and a brigade of the 11th, while the 13th Division and the other brigade of the 11th Division were going to attack the Muncelul village, threatening the enemy flank. The artillery preparation started at 0630 hours and at 0800 hours the 13th Infantry Division started the assault, but could not make any progress. The same happened in the sector of the 9th Division. A second artillery preparation, which lasted for an hour and a half, and some violent hand-to-hand fighting were necessary for the 13th Infantry Division to occupy the eastern edge of the Muncelul village. But the Romanian losses that day were heavy: about 2,700 men.

     

    This was the last day of the battle of Marasesti, both sides deciding to adopt a defensive attitude on the entire front. The Romanian 1st Army had lost 610 officers and 26,800 NCOs and soldiers, while the German 9th Army had lost about 47,000. Forty Mihai Viteazul Orders 3rd class were awarded for deeds accomplished during the fighting around Marasesti. Maj. general Eremia Grigorescu received the Mihai Viteazul 2nd class. Also, the flags of no less than 9 regiments were decorated with the Mihai Viteazul 3rd class. The fighting continued with little intensity the following days, with local attacks and counterattacks. In one of these clashes, on the Secuiului Hill on 5 September, the volunteer Ecaterina Teodoroiu was killed by machine-gun fire, while leading her platoon. On the other side, on 8 September, maj. general Kurt von Wenniger, CO of the German 18th Reserve Corps, was killed by an artillery shell in the Muncelul area.

  12. Rifleman S/26148 Thomas Edwin Capers 8th Rifle Brigade, DOW 13/04/1917 VII. F. 9. WARLINCOURT HALTE BRITISH CEMETERY, SAULTY

    5322821395_e86127966a.jpg

    courtesy of Jim Smithson, Dec. 2010

    Thomas Edwin Capers was born and brought up in Ibstock, he was 26 and single at the outbreak of the Great War. Thomas was the youngest of three brothers and had two sisters, all born in Ibstock to parents Thomas and Sarah where the family had lived since about 1880. All the males of the family had worked either in the Ibstock Colliery or brick works.

    Thomas Capers papers have not survived, in fact the papers of men in the number block S/26000 to S/26200 are few and far between. But combining what information there is with their medal index cards gives some idea of Thomas Capers' dates of joining, etc. Many of the men in this block first joined the KRRC before being transferred to the Rifle Brigade while still in the UK. These men are in alphabetic order through this small number range. Scattered amongst them are others who were first posted to the 5th Battalion of the Rifle Brigade and were then posted to either the 8th or 9th Battalion after completion of basic training and on arrival in France. All of them appear to have attested under the Derby Scheme in late November or Early December 1915, and were not called up until May and June of 1916. Thomas Capers does not fit into the alphabetical grouping of ex. KRRC men, and so it is likely he was first posted to the Rifle Brigade's 5th Battalion before being sent to France around October 1916, where he would have joined the 8th Battalion.

    Easter Day in 1917 fell on the 8th of April. The 8th Battalion of the Rifle Brigade was in the Arras sector. Two celebrations of Holy Communion took place in the cellar of battalion HQ and they had moved to the Christchurch caves by nightfall. The following day the 1917 Arras offensive was launched, and the battalion had left the caves at 9am and initially moved to the reserve line. With many German prisoner coming back from the front and large numbers of British Cavalry moving forward news came that the first and second Brigade objects have been taken. There is some snow overnight, and on the 10th April 1917 the 8th Battalion moves forward several miles South East of Arras and by 4.30pm receives orders to “clear up the situation in the direction of Wancourt and the high ground south west of the village”. The Battalion advances in a heavy snow storm coming under a light barrage and machine gun fire. As the snow stopped, leading companies found themselves in an exposed position and suffered casualties from machine gun fire coming from the direction of Wancourt and Hill 90.

    The attack on Wancourt is pressed home on the 11th April, with the 8th Battalion Rifle Brigade in support of the 7th KRRC. But they are caught in machine gun cross fire, the 7th KRRC suffer badly, and the 8th RB suffer one officer wounded and 20 OR casualties. They are relieved from their forward position by the 7th RB that night, during another heavy fall of snow.

    In the early hours of 12th April “B” coy. patrols get as far as Wancourt and Marliere. Easterly patrols establish that the enemy holds Guemappe in strength. While “C” coy. captures a 77mm field gun in the vicinity of Marliere. At 11am orders are received to attack the high ground South East of Wancourt, with the 8th KRRC on the right crossing the Conjeul river to the south of Wancourt, and the 8th RB on the left crossing the river to the north of Wancourt. But this would have meant passing in front of the enemy at Guemappe for about a mile. By 2.30pm the orders for the attack had changed. Both 8th KRRC and 8th RB were to cross the river to the south of Wancourt. The assault was to take place at 5.30pm, but by 5pm only three companies had managed to cross the river after wading through very deep and sticky mud. An alert enemy put down a heavy barrage on the Conjeul valley from Wancourt to Heninel, and before the attack even started the whole area was subjected to heavy machine gun fire. Advance was impossible and the attack was abandoned. The 8th RB was relieved that night and by the 13th April had returned to billets in Arras. The total casualties for these few days are: 5 Officers wounded; 25 other ranks killed, 5 other ranks missing and 68 other ranks wounded.

    5322821339_eae85d9621.jpg

    courtesy of Jim Smithson, Dec. 2010

    Private 26148 Thomas Edwin Capers is one of those wounded during these few days, he is evacuted as far as a CCS at Warlincourt, but dies of his wounds on the 13th April 1917. In fact, the Battalion seems to have lost track of him at one point, as his name appears on the Battalion's casualty figures as being KIA on the 12th April.

  13. Having completed my transcription and posts on the 801st MT Coy, I am now looking at the units they supported, particularly the Yeomanry, in this case the Surrey Yeomanry and the Derbyshire Yeomanry. I have acquired copies of their regimental history books, read the Surrey one and I have started a new thread 'Yeomanry in Salonika' on the 'Salonika and Balkans' sub forum, if anyone is interested.

  14. Command on the Western Front: A reminder for me to re-read the 27th - 29th Sept 1918 attack around St Quentin Canal. Consider Prior & Wilson's comments in view of Terraine's argument that Haig improved. Also in view of my own concensus that Rawlinson generally learnt from his mistakes.

  15. gmac101
    Latest Entry

     

    Robert Romanis was stationed near Ypres in Belgium when the Kaiser Slacht started but his Division, the 35th received orders on the 22nd of March to reinforce the British line south near the Somme.  The Division was taken the 100 miles or south to Heilly station on trains. Each of the 9 battalions on a separate train.  The trains consisted of 1 carriage for the officers, 17 flat wagons for carts and stores and 40 covered wagons which would either contain Soldiers or Horses.  The 12th Highland Light Infantry (HLI) Roberts Battalion left Proven at around 9pm on train No. 7 and arrived at their destination at about 1 pm the next day. A 16 hour trip.  They were then bussed 10 miles or so to Bray sur Somme where they marched to the village of Maricourt arriving in the early morning  of the 25th and took up position along the D197 north from Maricourt as far as a Brickworks near Bernafay Wood (the brickworks is gone but it’s location is marked by patch of rough ground alongside the road which can be seen on google maps).  The Germans attacked from the east at 7:45am on the 25th and at multiple times during the day using artillery, rifle and machine gun fire.  The attacks finally ceased at 8pm but the 12th HLI had suffered a number of casualties including Robert.  His body was never identified and he is remembered on the Poziere memorial but at the Commonwealth War Grave Commission cemetery in Maricourt there are over 150 graves of unknown soldiers – one of these may well be the grave of Robert Romanis

    Robert Hope served in the Highland Light Infantry as well as Robert Romanis but he was in the 2nd Battalion which was part of the 2nd Division and stationed further North near Baupame. He started the battle in reserve but by the 22nd of March was in the front line just to the south of where Gordon Tait and George Frier were serving.  His unit then began a long retreat to maintain the British line.  On the night of the 24th they were allowed 2 hours sleep in the village of Ligny Thilloy.  They continued to retreat the next day over the old Somme battlefield, the shell holes covered in long grass did not make for easy going.  During the retreat they formed the rearguard and came under enemy fire just North of Le Sars and it likely that this is where Robert was killed, his unit then continued their retreat.  He left a wife in Edinburgh who was paid a war gratuity of £8 10shillings

  16. I have finally written up the story for my 3 x great grand father John Edwin Barnes, thanks again for everyone's help on here that have helped make this possible, cheers everyone.

     

     

    One of my “Heroes” and Favourite Ancestors the fourth in my series of blogs about my 8 great-grandparents The Life and Times of John Edwin Barnes

     

    https://chiddicksfamilytree.wordpress.com/2019/08/17/the-life-and-times-of-john-edwin-barnes/

     

  17. IWM 319: PONT REMY SPORTS [MAIN TITLE]
    0ohw5lv08433qn06g.jpg
    Click here for the video.

    Object description
    The competition between Army Forestry Companies from Britain, Australia, Canada and New Zealand at the Forestry Camp at Pont-Remy, France, 15th September 1918.

     

    Full description
    The soldiers watch several forms of contest. A pillow fight between two men sitting astride a log suspended over water. A tree-stump felling contest, in which the four representatives each have to cut down a stump about three metres high. A similar competition to cut through a short log lying on the ground, won by the Australian whose fellows rush forward to cheer him. He poses in his shirt, shorts and bush hat with his axe beside the trunk. A third contest, including New Zealand Maoris, in chopping down medium-sized trees. Finally a 'log rolling' contest for men keeping balance standing on a log on the river, which they cross by rolling the log forward.

     

    Production date
    1918
    Place made
    GB
    Dimensions
    whole: Number Of Items/reels/tapes 1

    Catalogue number
    IWM 319

  18. A few have asked to be kept informed as to the publication of my diary, so here you are. It is available from Amazon as an ebook as well as in paperback format. It can be bought from Waterstones in Newcastle upon Tyne, Morpeth and Hexham, also at Cogito Books in Hexham or direct from broomfieldpublications@gmail.com for £6.99 + p&p. It is available in the Newcastle City Library, The Newcastle University Library, and the Lit & Phil Library in Newcastle. So far it is being read in the US, Germany, Australia, Spain, and France. It has yet to have any major review, but all individual reviews by private individuals are very positive indeed. Many thanks for any interest shown to date and in the future.

  19. bmac
    Latest Entry

    Well, about three weeks later than expected, the proof copy of the book dropped through the letter box this morning (slightly untrue that. It's so damn big it was left in the porch, but never mind). It's a strange feeling to have something you have worked on for six years resting in one's hands. Lump in the throat time. From my days in the music business I have plenty of albums on which I played and co-wrote songs but this book means more to me than they do - this is, after all, all my own work.

    Anyway, I have placed an order for an initial print run (in the tens not the hundreds!) and now hope that I might come close to breaking even on the project.

    Seeing this project come to fruition has helped me make a decision about doing another one. I have already started work: the list of files at the National Archives, Liddle Collection and IWM is already complete and visits are being planned. Several battalion histories and other relevant books have been located. A Roll of Honour of the men who died is complete apart from the CWGC details. Bloody hell, the first 2,500 words have even been written. This time, though, I am going to try to work to a more precise timetable and have set myself a deadline of next May (which is a bit optimistic as this is one one sixth of the time 'Pro Patria Mori' took!). And the subject? Well, it only seems fair to complete the 'other half' of the Gommecourt attack. So, '"A Lack of Offensive Spirit" - The 46th (North Midland) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916' will be the next off the production line. And disproving Gen Snow's disgraceful slander of the men of the North Midlands will be high on the agenda!

    Off to work we go...

    Web site: http://www.gommecourt.co.uk

    'Pro Patria Mori: the 56th (1st London) Division at Gommecourt, 1st July 1916' available from May '06

  20. Throughout World War I, Germany sent out rigid dirigibles, also known as Zeppelins or airships, to terrorise their foes across the English Channel and to destroy military targets. The success of this campaign was questionable. Although German bombs set towns like London, Loughborough, and Great Yarmouth alight, they missed many crucial targets and Britons were not easily cowed; Arthur Balfour, First Lord of the Admiralty, said in September 1915 that "Zeppelin raids have been brutal; but so far they have not been effective." Nevertheless, the Germans never stopped trying. Thus it was that Zeppelin L20, in the company of six other airships, headed out on its latest mission on the night of 2 May 1916.

    Their destination was Edinburgh, where the British naval fleet was anchored at the Firth of Forth. If the northwesterly winds held in accordance with the forecast, they would reach Scotland within a few hours. However, given the atmospheric instability that had lately tended towards thunderstorms, each airship commander had been instructed to change course and target central England if southerly winds prevailed.

    “This is no May weather!” L20’s captain Franz Stabbert had told lieutenant Ernst Schirlitz that morning. Nevertheless, by 9.20 p.m., Edinburgh lay within sight. Then the weather turned against them. According to the official history, “At 11.20 p.m., L20—at 2100 m altitude—was caught in heavy rain and snow squalls, at 12 a.m. in dense fog.” One by one, all the other ships headed south; only L14 and L20 remained on course for Scotland.

    The official history later described Stabbert’s refusal to turn back as being animated by “a lively spirit of attack.” However, this bellicosity, coupled with technical malfunctions, ultimately meant that L20 never returned to her home port at Tondern.

    UpscaledKrieginderNordseevol5.22-topaz.jpeg.d8ec0e70047a50f858e4927307937011.jpeg

    Approximate path of L20 on the night of 2-3 May 1916. Source: Der Krieg in der Nordsee Vol. 5.

    Twenty years later, Peter Vossen, who had been a machinist aboard L20 that fateful night, recalled:

    A pitch black night enveloped land, sea, and airship…any attempt at orientation was impossible. …Where was sea and where was land? Below us we saw only the silent depths of darkness. …We cast out firebombs, which would disappear if they fell into the sea but which would light up and glow if they fell on land. Everything remained as black as before. Yet still the engine hammered on!

    At 9 a.m. the following morning, the crew sighted the Norwegian coast. Only four hours of fuel remained; strong headwinds made progress difficult and rough seas precluded a water landing. Perhaps it was at this point that one of the men penned the message “We are in danger. Zep. L 20”, sealed it in a bottle, and threw it overboard. The bottle and its cry for help eventually washed up in Tungenes—about 15 km from Stavanger—in July. (The members of L19, which had gone down in the North Sea in February, also turned to messages in a bottle in their final moments. A British fishing vessel, fearing a hijacking, declined to pick up the German crew. Facing certain death, Captain Odo Loewe and his men wrote their last letters to their loved ones, packed the messages into a bottle, and sent it out to sea. It came ashore near Gothenburg, Sweden, in August of that year.)

    Arrival in Norway

    When viewed in the light of Zeppelin attacks on civilian targets in the UK, the excitement that greeted the first sightings of L20 in Norway may seem incongruous or even inappropriate. (Prior to the aborted Edinburgh attack, it had been nicknamed the “Raider of Loughborough” for its role in bombing that city.) However, Norwegians knew that Norway’s neutrality meant that they were not under siege; as Stavanger Aftenblad’s correspondent put it, the sight of “the great shining grey-gold bird, this masterpiece of human ingenuity, a cradle of death and destruction, a fearful symbol of the enemy” left witnesses on the ground “almost all speechless, not with fear but with wonder.”

    Stavanger Aftenblad’s correspondent seemed to view the airship as a living creature, describing it by turns as “bird” and “beast” that “advanced calmly and majestically.” He imagined that L20 had survived cannonades on the Western Front only to be “mortally wounded” by the “Lilliputian mountaintop” with which it initially collided and which left the back of the ship, with its propellers and steering equipment, at a 45 degree angle to the ground.

    “It’s not every day that something happens in Stavanger,” wrote “S.R.” for the women’s magazine Urd. As such, everyone came out to see it. “Bicycles, cars, carriages and cabs in pleasant confusion—ladies in office aprons and schoolgirls just let out of the classroom—inquisitive boys of all ages, besides a crowd of proper and ordinary people. Boats lined up across Hafrsfjord to see the wreck up close.”

    The wreckage itself was a further source of amazement. Peder Krohn took a motorboat out to see this marvel of engineering and didn’t know whether he was more impressed by “the size, or the thoughtful and thorough craftsmanship beginning with the smallest things.”

    Screenshot2023-06-04at19_04_50.png.dabbb150784615c2c88c764eb08ed641.png

    “The wreck seen from close up.” Source: Romerike, 9 May 1916. Peder Krohn described the inside of the envelope as “straw yellow,” adding that the ship’s name was painted in “two-meter-high dark red letters on the foremost gondola.” Another visitor to the wreck noted a small German flag still flying from the aft.

    Krohn described the wreck as if he were conducting an autopsy. “The foremost gondola was built to be quite open, with great celluloid windows; they were smashed. In the middle stood a great mitrailleuse. …The propeller had two wings and measured approximately 5-6 metres. …The inner skeleton was stiffened with a whole net of fine steel threads.” Meanwhile, S.R., writing for Urd, opted for a less technical turn of phrase: “It lay bobbing up and down like a huge broken eggshell.”

    Krohn numbered among the souvenir hunters who got there early and hence got lucky. Bits of aluminium proved popular, as did the envelope; Krohn got a piece of the latter and sent it to the offices of Søndmørsposten “so that many more people can see it.”

    The Crew

    Newspapers at the time only named Captain Franz Stabbert and Lieutenant Ernst Schirlitz. The non-ranking crew did not warrant their names in the newspapers. In 1936, survivor Peter Vossen said that they consisted of “Bavarians, Saxons, and the steward Hannemann, from Hamburg.” Vossen also specified Hans Peters as radio-telegraphist. Yet whatever their names and ranks, Norwegians in 1916 were still fascinated by them, their ordeal, and their mission.

    d1b18335-ada1-439f-88c9-a7eaa64ecf60_844x1068.jpg.cc64c8591cf2c550b80405fa7d30f508.jpg

    “The German officers visiting the wrecked airship.” I is Captain Stabbert; II is Lieutenant Schirlitz. Source: Stavanger Aftenblad, 5 May 1916.

    Thea Solheim found herself at the centre of the action after Stabbert and Schirlitz swam ashore and were taken to the nearby asylum at Dale where she worked. Stabbert, it was said ten years later, was still wearing his gloves when he emerged “in good condition” from the sea, while Schirlitz was in rather poorer form and was put to bed at once in the care of the asylum’s doctor.

    Other civilians shared stories of their encounters. The trade functionary L.W. Hansen met four men who had been cast out of the gondola when L20 hit a cliff. One of them was badly wounded and “asked if he could return to Germany. He was amazed to hear that it was not possible. He seemed quite crushed and repeated many times: Ach, dieser Krieg, dieser Krieg!” The others, however, were in better spirits and “they had hardly gotten to their feet before they lit their cigarettes.” The injured man was taken by car to the military camp at Malde; the other three went by bicycle. For these men, wrote S.R., “there was nothing but a feeling of German-friendliness…people are people, or at least that’s how it ought to be.”

    Although civilians may have evinced open-heartedness, the military did not. At Malde, the reception was rather less friendly. Strict security measures were put in place: soldiers patrolled “with bayonets on their weapons, and no one was allowed to speak to the Germans. Iron bars have been installed on the windows.” While these initiatives may sound over the top, the Norwegians had good reason to be wary: sailors of Berlin, interned at Hommelviken near Trondheim, had made regular attempts to escape since 1914 and in 1915 Berlin’s captain actually made it all the way back to Germany, after which a triumphant telegram was received aboard the ship.

    Five of L20’s crew were later released from internment. They were the lucky ones who had been picked up outside Norwegian territorial waters. This was the wartime norm; the Norwegian government had adhered to the same principle in the cases of the British ships Weimar and HMS India in 1914 and 1915 respectively. The others were interned at Hommelviken with the sailors of Berlin.

    That summer, internees at Hommelviken attempted to escape no less than six times. Although these escapes were all foiled, Captain Stabbert followed the example of Berlin’s Captain Pfundheller and eluded his captors in late November. Stabbert spent the day in town, as was his wont, then returned to the ship in the afternoon and ostensibly disappeared that night. No one was quite sure precisely when or how he managed to do so; it was claimed later that he had been assisted by the captain of the German steamer Ebersberg. Like all other officers, before his trip into town that day Stabbert had been required to give his word of honour that he would return, and it was noted with some irony that he had not actually broken his word since he had not absconded while on leave. He later commanded another airship and died in combat over France in 1917.

    The Final Fate of L20

    The remains of L20, especially its hydrogen-filled envelope, presented a problem in the days after the crash. It was, the Norwegians thought, only a matter of time before it tore loose from its moorings and began to sail willy nilly over the countryside leaving destruction in its wake. While the German official history states that L20 was destroyed by the crew, the Norwegian press tells a slightly different tale. On the orders of Captain Johannessen, Sergeant Aalgaard was dispatched with ten men to put the wounded ship out of its misery. At 3.05 pm, “from a distance of 120 meters…they fired salvos at different points on the airship. It exploded with a terrible bang…”

    8b22802c-21c5-4ffe-8f00-7f56b0cbbe52_960x696.jpg.c66c91fbc2843d7b9c6da0a848233400.jpg

    “L20 just before it was blown to pieces.” Source: Stavanger Aftenblad, 5 May 1916

    Aalgaard and his men were thrown back by the force; the explosion was felt as far away as Stavanger, eight kilometres away. The roofs of nearby boathouses were destroyed, their shingles broken and blown away (according to other reports, they also caught fire). Windows blew out of farmhouses, the glass shards injuring children. The airship itself was burnt to a crisp: “Only the aluminium skeleton remains, together with a spiderweb of shining metal threads.”

    The Norwegian pilot Tryggve Gran, who had recently flown the first nonstop flight from England to Stavanger, was asked whether he thought the Germans were upset about the destruction of the zeppelin. He replied, “I don’t think so! The explosion certainly took place in accordance with their knowledge and wishes.” Indeed, the official history records the dumping overboard of “classified information, the rest of the explosives and firebombs, as well as the radio-telegraph equipment” and one of the crew, a corporal, confirmed that their priority had been to safeguard the ship’s technology: “We drifted with the wind until we reached the Norwegian coast. Even though it meant death, six men offered to stay on board and destroy the machinery so that no one could learn the secrets of the ship’s construction. The rest of us jumped.” (Bergens Aftenblad told a slightly different story: after the captain issued the order to abandon ship by jumping into the fjord, eight men, not six, remained on board because they were poor swimmers.)

    In September 1916, the earthly remains of L20 were taken to Kristiania by the steamer Mira. Crowds gathered to welcome the ship, whose decks both fore and aft were “covered with scrap, which reached a great height.” Mira lay in at Revierbryggen, a pier close to where the opera house now stands, and L20 ended its days in a scrap depot at nearby Akershus fortress.

    a95aed5c-88fe-4bbf-97c8-2b5f464b7dc3_1788x992.jpg.2318e9215560c429fd22e2f4a66b15ad.jpg

    Revierbryggen and Akershus fortress in Oslo ca. 1907. Source: Oslo Museum

    Conclusion

    L20 may have met an anticlimactic end at Revierbryggen with its crew in captivity at Trondheim, but one can argue that this conclusion to its saga was better than that of many other airships. The British began using explosive bullets against Zeppelins, igniting the hydrogen-filled envelope and turning the airships into fiery infernos of death. The crews of L21, L31, and L32 perished in this way in the autumn of 1916. By contrast, all but three members of L20’s crew survived. Moreover, because L20 came down in a neutral country, its technological secrets remained safe from the inquisitive eyes of the enemy. Such was not the case for L49 (captured nearly intact) and L33 (partially destroyed by its crew after an emergency landing in Britain), which inspired later Allied airship designs. In short, while a better fate for L20 may have been possible, a worse one was more likely.

    With thanks to charlie2 for sharing the relevant pages of the official history.

  21. Our Growing Departments

    With our ever-increasing beds, all the departments in the hospital increase accordingly. In the early days we had R.A.M.C.T. men entirely in the offices, stores, post office, etc. Now nearly all – or at least the greater proportion – of the men have disappeared. Some have gone abroad with the R.A.M.C., others have transferred to fighting units, and many are on hospital ships. Then the problem was, who was to replace them?

    I remember, a very long time ago, one of the heads of the Red Cross Society coming down and discussing with us how women could be employed. Gradually a scheme evolved, and the first military hospital to try it was the 3rd London.

    The lady orderlies came, were approved of, and proved the greatest help to us; gradually, lady clerks, typists, postwomen, enquiry department, linen storekeepers, steward store assistants, telephone operators, cooks and charladies became installed; and today the ever green picture, “Can Women do our Work?” is answered, I think, by everyone concerned – Yes.

    From a Matron’s point of view I looked on the influx of women with a sinking heart. I already had over 300 women for whom I was responsible; and when the War Office decided that all women employed in a military hospital should come directly under the Matron I nearly wept – and felt certainly that it was more than one could bear. Now when I look back over all those changes I still marvel how it was done. But the fact remains today that we have somewhere about 500 women employed in the different departments of the hospital; and, apart from this making my office work very heavy, I do not feel the responsibility any greater. This in itself, I think, speaks volumes for the loyal help we get.

    The different departments all run smoothly. The Quartermaster’s office has two lady clerks, the C.O. has one, the Matron one, the Registrar’s office has many. I shall never forget poor Captain Gosse’s face when he first heard that ladies were going to be admitted into his office. He looked hopeless. And until the day he went away he always referred to them as “the little bits of fluff in my office.”

    Two ladies are responsible for the card index where, within a few minutes, you can look up any patient who has ever been in the hospital. Another does the typing, another helps with the discharges. Three ladies answer all enquiries in the front hall, and seem to me to spend half their time directing people to the D corridor. I often hear, “Yes; left, right, left, right, then you had better enquire again”; and I wonder whether the visitor ever finds his way to D at all.

    We have two ladies on the telephone and four in the post office. The postal arrangements are to my mind perfect, and hardly ever is there complaint of letters going astray of being misdirected, which is wonderful, considering the thousands of letters and parcels that pass through this office. Then in the pay office we have a lady clerk. Next along the passage is the massage room. I see that a very excellent article has already been sent about this department, so there is no need for me to say anything. I hope, however, it won’t be long before Miss Layton and her helpers will get their new room.

    Then we come to the stores. All clean linen is given out by ladies who work under the supervision of the Quartermaster, much of the work is now done by ladies, who all come under what we call the General Duty Section. The kitchens too, now have many women replacing men. In the general kitchen we still have the staff-sergeant cook, who is responsible, but in the sick officers’ kitchen there is a V.A.D. cook, and also in the orderlies’ kitchen.

    The scrubbers are also a great feature – and it is astonishing how easily they lose themselves in this huge place and what a lot of finding they require sometimes!

    I feel that this article sounds rather like an essay on “Women’s Rights.” I am not a suffragette, and no one will welcome men back to their old jobs more than I shall, but I do feel that women have shown how much they can help, in this war, as well as men. And I know they will continue as long as they are needed. When we are not needed, then we shall just let the men have their own back again, and look after us as they used to – and it will be very pleasant to be looked after again, I think!

    Edith Holden, Matron.

  22. ‘D’ Company, 53rd Battalion, 14th Brigade

    53rdBattalion.jpg.778df4b54812c9b4e8f42df82b6979fc.jpg
    Company Commanders
    Captain Arblaster; March 1916 to July 1916 (PoW/DoW)
    Captain Ramsay MC; September 1916 to September 1917 (WiA)
    Second Lieutenant Cooper; March 1917 (Temp; KiA)
    Captain Jackson MC; September 1917 to April 1918 (WiA)
    Captain Lindsay MC; April 1918 to September 1918 (WiA)
    Lieutenant Waite MC and Bar; September 1918 (Temp)
    Captain Wilson MC; September 1918 (KiA)
    Captain Cooke; October 1918 to November 1918

    Company Sergeant Majors
    CSM Green; February 1916 to November 1916 (revert at own req)
    CSM Loney; November 1916 to September 1917 (KiA)
    CSM Cooling MM; January 1918 to April 1918 (WiA)
    T/CSM Thompson; April 1918 to June 1918 (Cooling returned)
    CSM Cooling MM; June 1918 to September 1918 (WiA)
    T/CSM Lineham MM; September 1918 to December 1918 (Temp)

    Company Quartermaster Sergeants
    CQMS Slater; March 1916 to July 1916 (WiA)
    CQMS Campbell; September 1916 to September 1917 (WiA)
    CQMS Madden; September 1917 to April 1918 (Gassed)
    T/CQMS Akeroyd; May 1918 to June 1918 (Temp; unconfirmed)
    CQMS Madden; August 1918 to April 1919 (RTA)
     

    Veterans mixed with Green
    (February 1916 to July 1916)

    The 53rd Battalion was born with the ‘doubling of the AIF’ in February 1916 following the somewhat disastrous Gallipoli Campaign. The newly-formed 53rd Battalion was composed of members from the 1st Battalion- a New South Wales Battalion. Joining the 14th Brigade in the 5th Division, the Battalion Commander was to be Lieutenant-Colonel Ignatius Norris, a former Militia Officer. At the time of formation, the Battalion was retained in the old 1st Battalion lines at Tel-El-Kebir.

    In March 1916, ‘D’ Company got its first official Company Commander; Charles Arblaster. Hailing from Melbourne, Charles had entered the Royal Military College at Duntroon in 1912, graduating shortly after war was declared in October 1914. He then enlisted in Broadmeadows in November 1914 joining the 8th Light Horse Regiment as a Subaltern. He had been a temporary Captain prior to a wounding on Gallipoli and after recuperating was unable to return to the 8th Light Horse Regiment. The fact that his Temporary-Captaincy had elapsed also made him feel neglected. Then came opportunity- the 53rd Battalion. Arblaster was accepted into the 53rd Battalion and appointed Captain, OC ‘D’ Company. They were trained in Egypt until they were transported to France, arriving there on June 27th, 1916. Captain Arblaster’s diary notes that throughout the first-half of July they inspected the ‘very simple breastwork trenches’. He was obviously not too impressed in the trenches, however they were to use this trenches in an upcoming attack near a place called Fromelles

    Ablaster.png.9120cf10362a2b1552489596c90ed7c6.png
    Captain Arblaster, whilst still a Light Horse Officer. Dated 1915

    On the eve of Fromelles, the Company was still under the command of Captain Arblaster. These were the officers in the company.

    13 Platoon OC Lt Albert Bowman
    14 Platoon OC 2Lt Charles Mudge
    15 Platoon OC Lt William Noble
    16 Platoon OC 2Lt 'Bere' Nelson(?)

    At 11am on July 19th, the Battalion was under heavy enemy shelling, likewise the Germans across No Mans land. After a wait of over 6 hours, the step-off time lurched closer. At 5:43pm, ‘A’ Company (under Captain Thomson) went over the top in the first wave. This was followed closely by ‘B’ Company (under Captain Murray) in the Second Wave. ‘C’ Company (under Major Sampson) made up the third and ‘D’ Company (under Captain Arblaster) the fourth wave. The battalion took the enemy lines but faced fierce counter attacks. In the initial attack, Second Lieutenant 'Bere' Nelson was struck down by a machine gun burst some 20 yards short of the German first line and mortally wounded (Nelson was subsequently 'left behind' the following day). Second Lieutenant Charlie Mudge was blown up by a bomb around the time the Battalion took the first lines, shrapnel punctured his lungs. Private Gowndrie of his platoon said later ‘he (Mudge) said “Gowndrie, I’m done”. I asked him if I could do anything for him but he said “no”’Lieutenant William Noble had also made it into the first line of trenches where he was badly wounded ‘covered in blood and dirt and never a move out of him’. Within the first hours of the fighting, Lieutenant Noble and Second Lieutenants Mudge and Nelson were dead and Lieutenant Bowman rendered unconscious by a shell; Lieutenant Colonel Norris, his Adjutant and the most senior Company Commander were also dead. Captain Arblaster apparently took command of the Battalion following the destruction of the Battalion chain of command, and over the night of July 19th/20th proved himself to be a ‘cool and brave leader’. In a counter attack, the good Captain evenly distributed bombs to the men along the line and personally led a charge into the open; It was either then, or during a retreat that Captain Arblaster was gravely wounded in both arms. By 2am, July 20th Lieutenant Bowman had awoken and had gathered a small amount of men for a stand, however, by this time 'things had gone so far as to make further resistance from where we were impossible'. In later years, there was some confusion as to who ordered the surrender of their band- however they surrendered just after daybreak on July 20th.

    Either way, the Battalion retreated at 9:30am on July 20th, leaving the brave Captain behind. He was captured by the Germans and subsequently sent to hospital. He died of septicaemia in Douai due to his wounds a few days later. Major Hughes (32nd Battalion) shortly after the war wrote to the parents of Captain Arblaster and commented on his death.

    “The poor fellow (Arblaster) was very badly wounded. What happened before he arrived at the Hospital I cannot say, but in Hospital he was well treated and all possible was done for him. The first day, he was conscious, though suffering great pain. His wounds were dressed then, but nothing further was done. The next day his arms (both were broken) were set, under an anaesthetic. He appeared somewhat easier that night. Next morning he was again given attention, but the Surgeon told me that his case was very serious. Towards mid day he appeared to lose consciousness, and died in the early afternoon.”

    When the 53rd Battalion exited the line following the Battle of Fromelles on July 20th, the strength of the Battalion stood at an eye watering 4 Officers and 222 men. All of 'D' Company's platoon commanders were put out of action indefinitely- either killed or captured.

    Due to the manpower shortage, the 4 Companies were merged into 2 composite companies; that is, ‘A’ and ‘B’ Company under Captain Thomson, ‘C’ and ‘D’ Company under Captain Murray. The Battalion didn’t see much action for the following months; however by September 1916 they were climbing back up to an adequate strength. By this time, Major Croshaw was now a Lieutenant Colonel commanding the Battalion. Croshaw was a British Army regular, attached to the Australian Imperial Force. He had seen service on the veldt with the Hussars and as a Brigade Major on Gallipoli. He was Second in Command of the 53rd Battalion at Fromelles, however was detached for Brigade duties and therefore saved from death.

    Enter Captain Robert ‘Bob’ Ramsay MC (pictured on civi street towards right);Ramsay.png.f19cc195de94c4119b11c7afae1888e5.png He had served on Gallipoli where he was commissioned in the field and won the Military Cross for actions at Lone Pine. He had been originally assigned to the 53rd Battalion, however was reassigned as Brigade Bombing Officer. Due to an accident in Egypt he was hospitalized, then he was invalided to England before he was passed as fighting fit. Reassigned to the 53rd Battalion, he joined the Battalion at Fleurbaix on September 4th. A week later at Lamotte, the Battalion went back to its traditional format with ‘D’ Company now under the command of Captain Ramsay. Ramsay was described by his Battalion Commander Lieutenant-Colonel Croshaw as ‘(the) devil, but if hell were peopled with devils of his ilk, I should ask for bi-annual leave there from the other place.’ The Battalion Chaplain, a fairly popular man by the name of Kennedy (who later authored the Whale Oil Guards which can be classed as the Battalion's history) wrote of him ‘Among the officers there was Captain Bob Ramsay. Bob, while yet a Lieutenant, had been awarded the Military Cross for bravery in Gallipoli. In the line, there was no more capable Company Commander. He was a father to every man in his company. He understood Australians thoroughly, and though he maintained strict discipline, was perhaps the most popular officer in the battalion. In the trenches he never touched alcohol. His care for the men's safety and comfort won him the regard and admiration of the Colonel. In No Man's Land he was as happy as if he were stalking kangaroos in the bush of Queensland, and was as unconcerned under a machine-gun barrage as if it were only a summer's shower-burst. In the line no officer was truer to his trust. Out of the line no officer was more irresponsible. His escapades were nightly occurrences. Many of them were laughable in the extreme. On one occasion he persuaded the driver of a motor waggon to give him a ride to Amiens. Bob's first care on arrival was to fill the unsuspecting Tommy with strong liquor and so put him out of action for at least twenty-four hours. Ramsay was perhaps the most talented officer in the old regiment. He was certainly the most interesting problem in contradictions I've tried to sole. Had Bob Ramsay, when younger, adopted soldering[sic] as a profession, had he in addition been possessed of the advantages that a liberal education bestows, I am quite sure that his military career would have been exceptionally brilliant. Even as things were, with only an ordinary education but with considerable natural ability, he was a company commander who would make his mark in any regiment. At any rate he was an asset to us. In the line he thought of nothing else but his job. Out of the line he was the most rollicking and apparently the most irresponsible officer in the Battalion. Nevertheless he was never absent from morning parade, and always appeared trim and soldierly. His laugh was a speciality, and so was his gift of winning men's affection. Captain Bob, as the men called him, could lead the way to the most dare-devil and hazardous stunts, and there was not one N.C.O., or Private, who wouldn't follow him.’

    I believe that around this time, Second Lieutenant William Waite joined ‘D’ Company from the Light Horse. Second Lieutenant Waite was raised from the ranks and an original 1914er, having joined the 4th Light Horse Regiment on Gallipoli in May 1915. Later serving with the Light Horse in France, he joined the 53rd Battalion to replenish losses, joining their ranks in mid-late September 1916. Waite was to prove his worth the following years in trench-raids and at Peronne. Second Lieutenant Waite’s arrival was followed by Second Lieutenant Reginald 'Reg' Hill, also of the Light Horse, who arrived at the battalion in October 1916 and thereupon joined ‘D’ Company. On September 4th, Corporal Sydney Campbell was appointed Sergeant, then Temporary Company Quartermaster Sergeant on the same day, replacing Sergeant Austral Hunter Burns (K 19/7/16) and CQMS Edwin Satter (W 19/7/16) respectively. On November 12th, Company Sergeant Major John Green reverted at his own request to Sergeant.

    On October 20th, Corporal Egerton Judd was promoted to Sergeant, 16 Platoon, vice Sergeant Davis' field commission. A week later, Sergeant Judd was killed in action. Corporal Mawson would take his place as Sergeant of 16 Platoon.

    On November 17th, 'D' Company's new Company Sergeant Major was picked; Sergeant Frederick Loney was appointed Temporary Company Sergeant Major. This promotion was confirmed on December 14th after he had shown great gallantry in action. Frederick Loney was a rather odd character though- his real name was Frederick Syer and he was at Rabaul with the Royal Australian Navy on HMAS Encounter when men of the Kennedy Regiment mutinied. He deserted on June 28th, subsequently joining the AIF on the same day under the name Loney.

    It was during this time that 16 Platoon was left in the capable hands of Sergeant Mawson. He commanded the platoon from November to December 1916 during the absence of an Officer- however, he went down the line with a sickness on December 16th, with Lance Sergeant Francis Thompson assuming the rank of Temporary Sergeant for 16 Plt during Sergeant Mawson's absence.

    Bully Beef and Whale Oil
    (December 1916 to March 1917)

    During the reconstruction period of the Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Oswald Croshaw made the decision for the men to apply whale oil to their helmets to make them look smarter, thus earning the battalion the name ‘The Whale Oil Guards’. Also during this period, a young Private James Marshall joined ‘D’ Company as a Signaller when he was merely 18. He kept a diary on him throughout his service, describing his experiences as well as drawing them. In early 1917, he experienced his first patrol with Lieutenant Waite and the effect of the whale oil against the moon.

    ‘Well for our first night out on patrol, Mr Hill and Mr Waite tossed to see which would go out and Mr Waite won. There were twenty of us altogether, so felt pretty confident if we should meet Fritz. It was a brilliant moonlit night and with the snow on the ground, it was very bright indeed. We had hardly started out when we realised the great effect of our 'whale oiled' tin hats in the light. After wandering around for about an hour or so, we de[c]ided on a definite course of action. Mr Waite went one way with most of the party and Frank Cooling took four of us with him. We had barely gone 50yds when we saw a blaze of light in front of us and felt machine gun bullets in dozens around us. I was in a shell hole very quickly (before the bullets had time to reach us I think) and found Frank on the edge hanging on to the Germans rifle we had souvenired from a sniper earlier,; I tried to get him into the hole with me during which time our faces were about nine inches apart. Fritz firing at our radiant headgear was lobbing his missiles right between us, & it was (a) mighty unpleasant feeling too. One scratched the top of my helmet, & another went through the back of Frank's tunic. He soon opened up on the others though, who were attempting to get away, and so we took advantage of our chance, only to run into a 'flare king' about 50yds away. The rest of the patrol then saw us and we got out of a nasty position thanks to them. As the gunners saw the lot of us by the flare, we soon went home, and very quickly too.’

    Early1917.png.07ecba2f7fdf81f37b33f6cc0582f042.png
    A sketch drawn by Private James Marshall in France in 1917 at Le Transloy; Courtesy of Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

    ‘Another night we went out and found a party of men in a trench whom Mr Hill challenged, all of us thinking that at last we had some Germans at our mercy. Imagine our chagrin at getting our own password back from each one of the party. It was one of our own outposts who had started out to come home an[d] got lost. Another night though, we did bag a Germans party and left an officer & a couple of men there. The next morning as it was very misty we decided to go out and collect any papers or souvenirs on them. Tom Lucas and myself went out and found them, collecting various maps and papers, also a watch. I took an Iron Cross ribbon and on shewing it to Mr Hill was much surprised when he told me that they carried the Cross with them. He got out first and collected a brand new [Iron] Cross of the 1st class. I had to be satisfied with a helmet badge which I got later.

    MC.png.c37377723eb2511da3ac6524ff9c60e0.pngLieutenant Waite’s trench raids were noticed by the powers that be. From his Military Cross citation, ‘This officer took out strong patrols at night many times between 13th March and 5th April 1917. He performed exceptionally good work and showed great skill in the conduct of these patrols, thereby obtaining most valuable information which led to the entering of enemy lines at, and near [LE] TRANSLOY, and started the advance of the whole line. The information obtained by this officer and his patrols was also very largely responsible for the successful attack on DOIGNIES and LOUVERVAL on April 2nd. This work entailed lying out close to, and sometimes inside, the enemy's wire on several wet nights in succession’.


    By this time, a fairly older subaltern by the name of Lieutenant William Lindsay had joined the 53rd Battalion. Lindsay had been working for a cement company when he joined the Militia in Portland in early 1914. He had been promoted to Lieutenant in July 1914 and had assisted in home-defence schemes shortly after war was declared. When 1915 came about he changed his tone to recruiting, working alongside Captain Eade at Lithgow. By 1916 he had been an instructor at Bathurst Camp when he was commissioned as a Lieutenant in March 1916. He took his first patrol out in March 1917. He described it in a letter home..
    "On the night of the 16th I was detailed to take out my first patrol. I went out about midnight to some old gun pits well in front of our line and there found two other patrols; all of us under a Captain."
    "After trying to find out information in the usual way, we were all sent out in turn to make a diversion. I was the last sent out. I had orders to do a certain thing which I accomplished with my heart in my mouth. I was then ordered to push into the enemy trench, so I started off feeling very scared, but luckily for me the Germans went out as we came in, and we had the satisfaction of capturing the trench we had been pounding at all winter."
    "I found out afterwards that the other two patrols had got in about half an hour before me. I had charge of that portion of the trench for a few hours till my Coy. Commander came up with reinforcements and took over, when the Battalion advanced about a mile."

    image.png.33400f4cf93ab6f22aabf1a7a88b6faf.png.7461dc51b3256ab9576943bf9f4b988c.png
    Identified is Lieutenant Waite in the bright overcoat in the front. Possibly to Waite’s left with his cap reversed is Captain Bob Ramsay; Dated Early 1917

    During March 1917, it appears Second Lieutenant Albert Cooper had temporary command of ‘D’ Company. He was however killed when a shell blew him up on March 29th, 1917. In the Red Cross report, a soldier said ‘A couple of men (LCpl Clark, Ptes Whitton, Coe and Adams) were buried by a shell and he (Cooper) rushed out with a shovel to try and dig them out and was killed himself’. Second Lieutenant Waite erected a cross on his grave; they both had risen from the ranks of the 4th Light Horse Regiment. Speaking of shellfire, Second Lieutenant Waite made good use of the time according to Private Marshall who wrote ‘One day during a heavy bombardment by Fritz Mr Waite and I passed a very good hour or so in studying the mechanism of Germans rifles and various kinds of bombs. Though it seems rather a prevarication, we quite forgot that there was a bombardment on.’. Second Lieutenant Waite was also a souvenir hunter; Private Marshall recalls a hilarious incident involving Waite and souvenirs, ‘There was also the day when we had a 24 hours battle over a souvenir. In front of one of our bombing posts there was a big crater with several defunct Germans in it. The Adjutant, Quack, our O.C. and Mr Waite were very keen on souveniring them and at last the latter took the risk and hopped over. On looking over the other side he naturally got rather a shock to see that Fritz had a bombing post there, and he soon knew it was occupied too. He came back at the ‘toot’ followed by dozens of ‘broomstick’ bombs. He retaliated with a dozen or so of Millsies. Fritz then gave us some pineapples, which was answered by Captn. Ramsay with several rounds from the Stokes, giving one Germans a fine rise in life. As he went up about fifty feet he saw things from a very lofty aspect. We then got some of his Minnies, and had a casualty through it, which set the Captain going. After withdrawing the men from the post he got the 18pdrs. onto it and completely obliterated it.’

    War1.png.cf7075c9842d05a9eff80328deec8668.png
    A drawing by Private James Marshall, ‘D’ Company, 53rd Battalion of the Somme; Courtesy of Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

    On March 13th, Temporary Sergeant Francis Thompson was promoted to substantive Sergeant for 16 Platoon. Originally he was filling in for Sergeant Mawson who had gone sick on December 16th, 1916 however Mawson was subsequently invalided home. On March 14th, Captain Ramsay had a lucky escape. He had been near Captain Trevor Francis of ‘B’ Company when a shell blew him and ‘B’ Coy’s CSM to bits, however leaving Captain Ramsay unscathed by some luck. An OR was killed by accident when a bomb went off near them on March 23rd whilst in the line, else it was mostly smooth sailing at Le Transloy.

    ‘Toots’ and ‘Broomstick’ bombs
    (April 1917 to August 1918)

    For the first half of April the Battalion was poised at Thilloy. On April 15th, both Second Lieutenants William Waite and Reginald Hill were promoted to two-pip Lieutenant. A week later on April 22nd, the Battalion was transported to Becourt Camp, spending their ANZAC Day there. From the 1st to 6th of May, the Battalion trained and took part in sports at Becourt. They moved off to the Reserve Line on May 7th at Beugny-Ypres line, the following day moving up to the frontline occupying a point near Beugnatre. This location was near a location known as Bullecourt where plenty of Australians had fallen fighting over less than 5 days prior. Their location was plastered with gas shells upon their arrival. On May 10th, Lieutenant Hill got a Blighty wound- a gunshot wound in the left hand, leg and foot. The following day saw 3 Other Ranks killed as well as 16 wounded by artillery fire. The day after that saw heavier artillery, 2 Other Ranks killed and 17 wounded. The following day had lighter artillery, and they were relieved on the night of May 13th/14th by the 54th Battalion in the line. The relief was complete by 2:15am on May 14th. Upon daylight breaking, they took up the Support Line near Noreuil. Compared to the previous line, the artillery was a lot less active, however, gas shells were fired on the evening of May 14th, wounding 2 Other Ranks. On the night of May 18th/19th, the Battalion moved to the frontline to relieve the 54th Battalion. The relief was complete by 1:45am. During that same period, a few reinforcements joined the Battalion. On May 22nd, the Battalion saw movement out in No Man's Land, moving towards their line. Upon the unknown object moving closer, it turned out it was a pair of 16th Battalion men who had escaped their captors. The Battalion was relieved once more on May 25th by the 12th R.R.R. By the end of the month, ‘C’ and ‘D’ Company were training at a place called Bealencourt.

    RoyLee.PNG.4b6876b7fc4737e8330d3d543dae72eb.PNGThe first half of June 1917 was spent training at Bealencourt, until June 15th when they were transported to Bouzincourt via a train ride from Varennes and a route march to Bouzincourt. A few shells were dropped, however they arrived safely at Bouzincourt at 4:30pm. The rest of the month was spent training once more. During their training there, Sergeant George Mitchell of ‘C’ Company died in a fire. On June 27th, Second Lieutenant Robert ‘Roy’ Lee (pictured right) joined the Battalion and was appointed Platoon Commander in 'D' Company. Roy, a native New South Welshman, had served in the New South Wales Lancers in peacetime and was commissioned into the AIF in January 1917 when he was 23. On July 3rd, Lieutenant Lindsay got a pip-up to Captain, making him the second-in-command to Captain Ramsay. On July 3rd, the Battalion marched to Bolton Camp. On the 18th, they were in Rubempre. The youthful Second Lieutenant Robert Lee then was sent to the ANZAC Corps School for an Infantry Course on July 22nd. Shortly before Polygon Wood, Lieutenant Hill was marked ‘P.B’, as was Private Marshall as he recounts in his diary..
    ‘Mr Hill was marked P.B. and could not get up the Battalion as he wished, so I did not forget to jib him about it. There was naturally a little excitement on the day when he was orderly officer and could not at first be found. The R.S.M. was in my tent discussing it when he (Mr Hill) found that he could not stay under the table any longer so he had to come out and do his duty. Rather rough on him as he was no soldier. Just before the Polygon Wood stunt came off he went up with a draft to see the Battalion but they would not let him stay as he wished to do. So he had to come back and moan with me. We both detested the place and the crowd that infested it and would have been glad to get away from it. Eventually he did while I was in hospital.’

    On September 1st, Lieutenant Colonel Oswald Croshaw reassumed command of the 53rd Battalion at Lynde, having been wounded by a shell some 6 months earlier. 2 weeks later the whole Battalion route marched to Reninghest. On the 22nd they were recorded at ‘Halfway House’. On the night of September 24th/25th, they moved to the support line in front of Glencorse Wood. At midnight on the night of 25th/26th, the Battalion moved up to take its position at the assembly line. At Zero Hour, 5:50am on September 26th, the barrage opened up on No Man’s land and the Battalion rose out of their trenches, to the barrage. 2 Companies of the 53rd led the attack and advanced towards the Butte whilst remaining 60 yards short of the barrage to avoid shrapnel. 2 Platoons captured the Butte after short hand-to-hand fighting. They captured the main objective by around 6:25am, however Lieutenant-Colonel Croshaw was missing and command had fallen to Captain Roberts. On the morning of September 26th, ‘D’ Company's Company Sergeant Major Frederick Loney was tending to 'A' Coy CSM Harry Brewer after the latter had been paralyzed by a burst of bullets in the spine. Whilst he treated him, a sniper shot Loney through the neck- he died instantly, near ANZAC Redoubt. The following day, Captain Ramsay suffered a Blighty wound with a bullet fracturing his left tibia and was carried out by a Company Runner (Pte John Rowley). Despite Captain Lindsay being Ramsay's Second-in-Command and obvious successor, it appears that Captain Albert Edward Jackson MC took over command of the Company. Also, 'D' Coy's CQMS Sydney Campbell was wounded and was subsequently replaced by Corporal Daniel Madden, who assumed the rank of CQMS on September 29th. Total Battalion casualties for the action stood at 8 officers and 342 other ranks killed, wounded or missing. Amongst them was 'A' Coy CSM Harry Brewer, who was carried out alive at 4pm and treated in a pillbox. During the night, a shell landed directly on the pillbox- blown to bits.

    OntheroadatnighSomme.png.a5eb5af0b6bd79404635ba601b7a6f75.png
    A drawing by Private James Marshall, ‘D’ Company, 53rd Battalion of 'on the road at night on the Somme'; Courtesy of Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales

    On October 1st, the 53rd Battalion was given a new commanding officer- Lieutenant Colonel W.J.R Cheeseman MC, late 30th Battalion. The following day, the battalion was transported to Reningheist Staging Camp arriving there on October 3rd. On October 10th, Lance Corporal Jim O'Rourke and Private Reg Edgeworth and two others were playing cards in a dugout in the supports at Zonnebeke when a shell exploded ontop of them. The two other unnamed men escaped, however O'Rourke and Edgeworth were half-buried and badly wounded. Private William Walmsley wrote in the Red Cross report-
    'When we ran up to them we found O'Rourke and Edgeworth half buried and both dying. O'Rourke died in my arms. Both men died when I was there..'
    Lieutenant John Ridley (Lewis Gun Officer) presided over the burial service for both men. 

    After a short spell of re-training, the Battalion re-entered the line with their CO on October 17th, entering the support line on ANZAC Ridge near Zillebeke. They remained in the support line until the 21st when they were relieved by the 30th Battalion. They were then transported to a place called Dickebusch, then onto Wippenhoek Area where they remained from October 25th to November 4th when they were transported to Neuf Berquin Area. On November 10th they were transported to the Locre Area, and the following day to the Kemmel Area, then the day after that to the support line at Wytschaete Area. On the night of November 13th/14th the Battalion assumed a position in the front line, relieving the 2nd Battalion Wiltshire Regiment; ‘D’ Company 53rd was to relieve ‘B’ Company Wiltshires in the Left Support Line. On the night of November 15th/16th the 54th Battalion relieved the 53rd Battalion’s left and as a result, ‘D’ Company relieved ‘B’ Company in the Right Support Line. The Battalion held the front line until the night of November 28th/29th when they were relieved by the 60th Battalion. From there, the Battalion was transported back to the Kemmel Area. On December 1st, the Battalion was bivouacked at Ramillies Camp and just under 2 weeks later the Battalion was transported to Desvres, then on the 14th to Menty. For the rest of December 1917 the Battalion was entrained with little else occurring of note.

    In January 1918, Captain Jackson appointed his new Company Sergeant Major- Samuel ‘Frank’ Cooling. He had proved himself at Polygon Wood where he was recommended for the MM (which was promulgated in the London Gazette on January 14th 1918 on page 845). During this time, the Battalion was settled in Menty. On January 31st, the Battalion would wind up in the reserve line at Wyschaete. They moved up into the frontline nearly 3 weeks later on February 20th relieving the 56th Battalion; ‘D’ Company 53rd relieved ‘D’ Coy 56th. On the night of March 1st whilst still in the line, the ‘D’ Company was in support near the line near Hollebeke. A party was sent out on a wiring expedition, containing 1 Officer, 10 men. From what can be pieced together, a minenwerfer landed in between the party at around 10pm and this was the result.

    Officer Commanding the party is unknown [Possibly Lt Anslow]
    Lance Corporal Keith Comb was blown to bits by the shell
    Private Stan Mears was killed by the shell
    Private Ralph Pendleton was mortally wounded in the body and thigh
    Private Hill was mortally wounded and apparently killed from concussion
    Private Fred Kafer was wounded in the head and buttocks
    Private Johnston was wounded
    Private Joe Taylor returned unwounded
    Private James McDonald returned unwounded
    Private Arthur Whiteford returned unwounded
    Private Nathaniel Wheatley returned unwounded

    Private Walmsley said after the fact that ‘(they) were so badly blown about that we could not even find their paybooks’. A temporary cross was erected on the point and the bodies were reburied after the war in the Somer Farm Cemetery. Comb and Pendleton and buried together as are Hill and Mears. On March 21st and 3 weeks in the front line, a barrage fell on the 53rd Battalion’s forward posts in the line. After a few casualties had been taken, they were relieved by the 56th Battalion on the same day. They were transported to the Wippenhoek area on March 26th, then the Louvencourt on the 28th followed by the Harponville area on March 31st and remained there for nearly a week. 

    April1918.png.a8606f1e457bb8cb01ccd070338082af.png
    Members of ‘C’ Company, 53rd Battalion in the reserve line. Dated April 1st, 1918

    On the night of April 5th/6th, the 53rd Battalion relieved the 17th Lancers in the Front Line near Villers-Bretonneux. ‘D’ Company was to be held in reserve, ‘C’ Coy in the support line and ‘A’ and ‘B’ Coys to take up a position in the frontline; a total of 20 officers and 498 other ranks entered the line. At dusk on April 6th, Lance Corporal Harry Kelly and Private John Christie both of 15 Platoon were sent out on a rations fatigue. Whilst on this fatigue, a HE Shell landed quite near to the both of them, killing them. Their causes of death are subjective-
    Private Mick Lennon stated '..with the exception of a slight scratch on Christie's forehead (there were) no wounds on either of them, so came to the conclusion that they had been killed by the concussion of the explosion'
    Private Fines Godding stated 'One (was killed) by bullet and the other with HE shell'
    Either way, a shell ended both of their lives atleast indirectly or indeed directly.

    On April 8th, two lighting patrol were sent out containing 30 men from ‘D’ Company each under two Subalterns from another company. They patrolled no man's land during the night and reported no enemy movement upon their return. On April 9th, Captain Lindsay was seconded to the 175th [or 174th] Brigade as a Liaison Officer leaving D Company down an officer.. The following day saw Sergeant Jack Croker rejoining the Company in the field, assuming command of the Lewis Gun Section attached to D Company- all these Lewis Gun Sections were overseen by an Officer, Lieutenant John Ridley [Later MC]. On the morning of April 11th, Captain Jackson was slightly wounded. He was not moved down the line and remained at his post. On April 17th at 4:30am, the company was badly shelled with gas. Casualties included the Battalion Commander (Cheeseman), ‘D’ Coys Lt Roy Anslow, CSM Cooling and CQMS Madden; all of whom were ‘gassed’ in the shelling. CQMS Madden's replacement would be Corporal Tom Akeroyd, however he would be promoted to substantive Sergeant the following month. CSM Cooling's replacement would be Sergeant Francis Thompson

    On April 28th, Lieutenant Robert Lee along with 3 other subalterns and 62 other ranks reported to the Battalion Headquarters to be taken onto strength. Lieutenant Lee was assigned to ‘D’ Company. Captain Lindsay took over command of the Company on May 3rd after returning from his secondment. Shortly after Captain Lindsay returned, it is noted that Lieutenant Robert Lee was the OC 14 Platoon in a report. Speaking of which, it is in this period that a few fieldbook excerpts from Captain Lindsay survive. Below are the surviving pages which record promotions, recommendations, reports and plenty of information on a company level.

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    On the night of May 4th/5th, the 53rd Battalion moved from the reserve line to the front line, relieving the 54th Battalion. ‘D’ Company 53rd relieved ‘D’ Company 54th Battalion in the line on the right. At 11pm on May 6th, Lieutenant Hill (‘D’ Coy) took a patrol of 10 men out into no mans land. Voices were heard however no enemy sighted and they returned without incident at 1am on May 7th. On the night of May 8th/9th, the 54th Battalion relieved the 53rd Battalion and the former moved down to the reserve line. A week later in the late evening of May 16th, the Battalion relieved the 30th Battalion in the Hamel Sector. ‘D’ Company 53rd relieved ‘B’ Company 30th in the Right Reserve. At 12:10am on May 18th, Lieutenant Hill took out a patrol with 11 men; They found the location of a forward post with atleast 12 enemies, a wiring party was heard before the patrol returned at 1:40am. On the afternoon of May 18th, 18 pounders fired accidentally onto the 53rd Battalion’s front line. One of the shells badly wounded an other rank who nearly had his whole leg severed off by a shell. At 12am on May 23rd/24th, Lieutenant Hill took out another patrol with 4 men. They moved up the Vaire-Hamel road and reconnoitered the area. An enemy trench was found full of men but else nothing of note was found. They returned to the friendly lines at 1:15am. On the night of May 28th/29th, the 53rd Battalion was relieved by the 55th Battalion and the Battalion moved down to the reserve line. On the night of May 31st/June 1st, the 53rd Battalion was relieved in the reserve line by the 13th Battalion; they proceeded to settle in the Querrieu area. Whilst out of the line, new uniforms were issued, boots fixed, barbers at work and so on. On June 7th, Lieutenant Waite MC arrived back at the battalion, following a bullet in the buttocks at Polygon Wood during September last. He had an interesting time in England - moreover, losing his seniority after using a forged railway ticket and presenting said ticket to a Railway Transport Officer. An altercation and he loses seniority, though he still remains a Lieutenant and platoon commander. On June 11th, the ‘Kookaburras’, otherwise the 5th Division Concert Party supplied the Battalion with ample entertainment, performing for them in Querrieu. On June 15th, Lieutenant Hill and Major Roberts DSO were marched out to form a nucleus alongside 63 other ranks, depriving ‘D’ Company of atleast 1 officer. That same day, the Battalion moved up to the reserve line at the Franvillers System. They were to remain there until the night of June 26th/27th when they relieved the 30th Battalion in the front line. ‘D’ Company 53rd relieved ‘B’ Company 30th in the reserve. On June 30th, Lieutenant Waite (‘D’ Coy) took out a patrol and returned with an enemy machine gun, 2 belts, containers, pack, rifle and greatcoat. After quite the spell in the front line, the Battalion was relieved by the 55th Battalion on the night of July 10th/11th, and thereon moved to the support line. On the night of July 17th/18th the 53rd Battalion relieved the 54th Battalion in the front line, however moved back down to the reserve line after being relieved by the 54th Battalion on the night of July 19th/20th. By this time it was evident that there was a stunt planned in the air. 

    WaiteMCandBar.PNG.2a8e7cc3893e7e21d8ea50c1dedf0bfc.PNG
    A photograph of Lieutenant Waite taken whilst in England. His Military Cross is pinned up. Dated 1918

    On July 27th, the Battalion moved from the reserve line to the Front Line in preparation for the stunt. By nightfall, the battalion stood at 23 officers and 543 Other Ranks. By the morning of July 28th, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ Company were in the line whilst ‘D’ Company was in support. The 53rd Battalion was to participate in an action at Morlancourt on July 29th, 1918. ‘D’ Company had the pure luck to be a carrying party for the action. At 1.25am, the attack began. Information into what ‘D’ Company did throughout the day is not mentioned in the War Diary, however a recommendation for the Military Cross was written up for Captain Lindsay, explaining what the Company was doing. This recommendation didn’t lead to anything, however it read in part..MC.png.c37377723eb2511da3ac6524ff9c60e0.png

    This Officer was incharge of 2 platoons who acted as carrying parties for the attacking troops in the attack on the enemy trenches near Morlancourt. 
    It was owing to his excellent judgment and personal direction and supervision that the carrying parties (strength 45) were able to cross and re-cross “No Mans Land” in the open although subjected to Artillery and Machine Gun fire with the loss of 1 man.
    Great quantities of stores, rations and water were carried by these parties and dumps established in the captured enemy line. During the night following the attack(,) ration parties carrying hot food to the men in the front line were caught in a severe enemy artillery ‘strafe’ lasting from 10.15pm to 5.am next morning.
    Captain LINDSAY personally led these parties to their destination in doing so exposing himself to very great danger and although on one occasion he was badly shaken by a shell he still continued his work.

    On July 30th, the Battalion came out of the line and was moved to Vaux-en-Amiénois, to which they arrived at on July 31st at 6am. August 1st saw the whole Battalion getting haircuts and company inspections across the Battalion. The next few days passed without notoriety. On the night of August 4th, the Battalion marched to the bivouacs at Querrieu, arriving at said location at 2am. The following day on the 6th, battle orders were received from the brass and the whole of the battalion was overcome by a wave of excitement for the upcoming stunt. They remained at Querrieu until the morning of August 8th, 1918..

    The Last Hundred Days
    (August 1918 to November 1918)

    On August 8th, 1918 at 1.45am, the Battalion moved from Querrieu to the start line for the forth-coming advance. The strength of the 53rd stood at 24 officers at 432 Other Ranks. After 2 hours of waiting for Zero Hour, the trench whistles blew at 4.20am. The Battalion advanced into the morning mist. After 5 minutes of stumbling around at dawn, elements of the brigade captured the trenches near Villers-Bretonneux. By 7am, the 53rd Battalion consolidated on the recently-captured trenches in preparation for another advance. By midday, the Battalion was at Cerisy Valley. At 4pm the Battalion was advancing onto Bayonvillers where they halted and fully consolidated. During the advances on August 8th, Captain Lindsay was riding a horse when a shell landed next to the horse; the horse was blown to bits and two men wounded, however it left Captain Lindsay unscathed. These casualties would be the only ones suffered by the 53rd Battalion on that day. By the end of the day, the men were exhausted from the 12 mile advance, however the men were galvanized when they heard of the successes along the line. Private Marshall who had served in D Company before a transfer to Headquarters Company recorded the actions at Morlancourt in his diary ‘We stayed near Corbie till the barrage started, then we began to advance. The trip to our starting point was not without it’s excitement. Fritz planes were very busy and at one halt, when the troops were all smoking, he came in our direction at a great pace. But nothing extraordinary happened. We stayed on the right of the village of Villers Brettonneux(sic) for a few hours, and moved on again. We knew that it was going successfully as there were no enemy guns firing, and that was a great comfort to us too. Our big guns had been brought right up under the Germans’ noses on the night before so they had no need to move forward then. There were crowds of prisoners everywhere, and the troops spent a good deal of time in souveniring them. All of the prisoners were sure that they had lost the war, and that we would go right on to Berlin. Just before we moved off, there was a little excitement. We were all sitting about talking, when there was a terrific explosion just behind us. A big shell of a new ‘toute suite’ variety had landed about 20 yards off. There had been absolutely no sound of it’s approach at all. Naturally we all had the wind up about some more coming unannounced, but the next went further off and we heard the report of the gun first, then the shell hurtling overhead. They were fired [at] long intervals and all over the country. So we knew that he had one gun still.’ The following day, the Battalion remained in the positions captured the previous day. Strength was increased to 28 Officers and 552 Other Ranks. On August 17th, Lieutenant Reg Hill proceeded to England for a few weeks leave. 

    On August 22nd, Second Lieutenant Rupert Dent joined ‘D’ Company as a Platoon Commander. He was a new boy, however a Duntroon man (Dec 1916) making him very desirable, considering that most Duntroon men had been repurposed into sandbags or rear-echelon duties. He had applied for a commission in 1915 but only arrived in England in May 1918. After a spell of training, he was on his way to France with the 53rd Battalion. Despite his higher education, Second Lieutenant Dent was still the new boy and the officer with the least seniority in ‘D’ Company, however still better educated. He was to be in a stunt after nearly a week at the front. As an addition, on August 28th, CQMS Madden rejoined the Battalion after having been in England after being gassed in April 1918.

    Dent.jpg.9390f0bd135d5634acb5d9497090f215.jpg
    Second Lieutenant Rupert Dent. Date unknown

    At 1am on September 1st, the Battalion was treated to a hot meal- for some, it would be their last. At 3.30am, the battalion moved into ‘Florine’ and ‘Prague’ Trench. As ‘C’ Company was taking up their position they were met with the most interesting sight- Germans in their trench. A quick fight ensued, with the Germans firing an SOS flare leading to a barrage falling very nearby with ‘C’ Company coming out ontop. At 6am, the whistle blew and the Battalion began their attack. The positions of the companies were ‘A’ Company - Right ; ‘B’ Company - Right Support ; ‘C’ Company - Left ; ‘D’ Company - Left Support. 

    In the initial advance, the Battalion was met by a heavy wire belt which was supposed to be cleared in an earlier artillery barrage. Despite heavy fire raining down on them, soldiers from Lt Waite’s platoon started to cut the wire with the motivational support of their Lewis Gunners. After what felt like an eternity, a passage was forged through the wire, allowing the attack to continue.

    Peronne1.png.818100c703cf4f57e418dbe6ac61044f.png
    The ‘heavy wire belt’ that the 53rd Battalion had to cut through. This particular photograph was taken on September 2nd, 1918; Only a day after the fact with the bodies still remaining

    The Company broke through the heavy wire belt and advanced to the objectives. Shortly after breaking through the wire, 'D' Company's CSM Samuel 'Frank' Cooling was shot through the calf in the left leg. Despite the wound, he continued to push on with Lt Roy Anslow's 16 Platoon. On the other side of the advance through Anvil Wood performed by ‘A’ and ‘B’ Company, a 77mm Field Gun was spotted nearby and manned by the enemy. Private Currey from ‘B’ Company didn’t hesitate and taking a Lewis Gun firing from the hip either dispersed or killed all the enemy manning the gun. Not too long afterwards, Major Murray sent an urgent message to ‘D’ Company to inform them that his left flank was in the air. Captain Lindsay moved his company to the flank of ‘C’ Company with the aim of providing support due to the absence of the 23rd Battalion. ‘D’ Company provided splendid support however sustained severe casualties via machine guns. At 11am, Lieutenant Anslow was with his 16 Platoon in an entrenched machine gun position. They were all bunched up in the trench when a barrage of 5.9inch shells landed around their position. A shell landed in the middle of the platoon, killing Lieutenant Anslow, Sergeant Taylor, Corporal Hayward, Lance Corporals Upton and Barrie as well as Privates Masson and Ries. The shell also wounded 3 others, but either way 16 Platoon was severely hindered by the loss of their senior NCOs and their officer. A wounded CSM Cooling took the initiative and commanded what remained of 16 Platoon to the objective.

    zoom_Taylor_WS_3457_Grave_2.jpg.e9dd182c8f1c82921905aadd55068276.jpg
    Burial marker for the Anslow and his men killed by the shell. Dated 1918

    At some point not too long after Anslow’s death, Lieutenant Waite had spotted an unmanned German 77mm Field Gun that had been recently liberated by Private Currey. He sent Signaller Hopkins to get it ready for action. When Hopkins arrived there he was assisted by Private Crank. The pair loaded and fired the gun to great effect on the enemy despite no knowledge about firing a field gun. They began firing on the enemies amassing on the left flank despite heavy machine gun fire. After a great many shells were fired, the enemy dispersed and both men returned to their companies.

    At around 4:40pm, Captain Lindsay had suffered a gunshot wound; a bullet that fractured his left tibia. Despite his wound, he led an attack, supervised consolidation of a new position further forwads before allowing stretcher bearers to take him back to the RAP. Lieutenant Dent also was wounded by a burst of machine gun bullets which found its mark in his left shoulder. By 5pm, Lieutenant Waite was the last officer of ‘D’ Company still in the fight. He led the company with vigor towards St Denis [62c.I.22] via the St Denis-Mont St Quentin Road, killing 12 Germans along the way, settling in a location known as the Sugar Factory, with the object of making it a forward post. Waite, with his 20 men was greatly assisted by Sergeant Cuthbert Lineham who by now was commanding one of the platoons. Also of assistance was Corporal Charlie Smith who helped in collecting bombs, ammunition and other items to resupply the men; when they reached the Sugar Factory, Smith volunteered to keep a casting eye over the enemy, reporting their movement to Waite. Whilst holding the Sugar Factory, the Company wiped out a machine gun nest some 200 yards away to his front. However, unbeknownst to Waite, he had lost contact with his own Battalion and was under threat of being completely cut off and therefore risked capture.

    Peronne2.png.f699f7391ec4b3178c199819d2f173ec.png
    Above is the rough ground that Waite and his Company advanced through on September 1st, 1918 towards the Sugar Factory. Infact, towards the centre-left of the photograph in the distance following along the mini-rise on the right, you can see what remains of the Sugar Factory- 3 corner pillars. Dated September 15th, 1918.

    Messengers were sent out to try and tell him to fall back, yet no one found him. Shortly after midnight, a certain Private Currey (‘B’ Company) volunteered to find Waite in the dark to tell him to withdraw. He went out for the first time, not running into any Germans by some luck. When he came back to friendly lines, he went out again to no avail. The third time his Company Commander said it had to be done, to which Currey said ‘If I can’t find Mr Waite, I will stand up and shout to him’. Currey went out to find Lieutenant Waite and his party once more at 3am. When 8am rolled around and he still hadn’t found Waite, Currey yelled out ‘Waitsey, Come Back!’. A reply was met with machine guns, bolt actions, the whole kitchen sink. Luckily for everyone involved, Lieutenant Waite heard the message from Currey and quickly began bringing his company out of the Sugar Factory back to friendly lines. Private Patrick Allan, a machine gunner, was the last to leave the Sugar Factory position. Waite withdrew the Company under a smoke screen to the crossroad near Saint-Denis (62c.I.22.a.7.6) under the cover of a bank. He remained there until told to fall back by Major Murray. Peronne was a success by all accounts, with Mont St Quentin and Peronne falling over the next day or two. ‘D’ Company had gone into the line with 4 Officers and 90 other ranks - the whole battalion suffered 11 officers and 241 Other Ranks as casualties - of whom 4 officers and 47 other ranks of the Battalion were killed (11 other ranks to DoW). Captain Lindsay suffered a Blighty wound; fractured tibia on the left leg, similar to his previous Company Commander some 11 months previous. He also was to score a Military Cross at Peronne. ‘D’ Company was only left with 1 officer who had survived unwounded.. Dent had also got a Blighty wound (GSW right shoulder) and Anslow was killed with his men, leaving Lieutenant William Waite MC, as last officer standing from ‘D’ Company and by default took command of ‘D’Company after Captain Lindsay. Coy Sgt Major Cooling had also copped it and was evacuated to hospital, making Sergeant Lineham the acting CSM until Cooling returned shortly after the wars end. Oddly enough, Waite also scored a decoration, earning a Bar to his Military Cross. Lieutenant Waite assumed command of ‘D’ Company shortly after Peronne, presumably the day after on September 2nd. It is unknown how long he was in temporary command, however whilst Waite was Company Commander he had time to write up a recommendation to the Commanding Officer. It read..

    C.O.
    53rd BATTALION A.I.F
    I wish to bring before your notice the conspicuous gallantry and bravery in action of NO.2153 PRIVATE CRANK during the recent operations at PERONNE.
    During the early stages of the attack, a 77mm Field gun was captured with about 70 rounds of ammunition. Private Crank in company with another man*, at once set to work to find out how to detonate the shell and fire the gun. Having ascertained this, he at once brought the gun to bear on the enemy who were massing, apparently for a counter attack on the left flank of the Battalion.
    Immediately upon the 77mm gun opening fire, the enemy brought intense artillery and Machine Gun fire to bear on the gun; notwithstanding this, Private Crank and his comrade continued to fire with great rapidity, causing heavy casualties, and finally compelling the enemy to disperse. He then rejoined his Company.
    Later in the day noticing the enemy again massing on the left flank, he, in company with another man**, remanned the captured gun and continued firing it until all the ammunition was exhausted, despite renewed enemy artillery and Machine Gun activity, and despite the fact, that there being no way of cleaning the gun there was grave risk of the barrel bursting.
    (Signed) W.Waite Lieut.
    O.C “D” Company 53rd Battalion A.I.F

    *The other man was Lance Corporal Cec Weatherby; later a DCM
    **Cec was wounded shortly after the first gun instance, the other man was Private Arthur Hopkins; later an MM

    Thanks to Lieutenant Waite’s recommendation, Crank was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal despite an original recommendation for a Victoria Cross. There were many recommendations made to men of the 53rd Battalion relating to the Peronne stunt. Below are ones from 'D' Company.

    Capt William Frederic Lindsay. Recommended for the MC (Awarded)
    'During the attack on PERONNE on 1st September, 1918, Captain LINDSAY led his Company with the utmost gallantry in the attack.
    During the advance, the left flank of the Battalion was imperilled and Captain LINDSAY under terrific Machine Gun FIre got his Company in position in the open, and brought fire to bear on the enemy massing, inflicting casualties and causing them to disperse. His action undoubtedly allowed the advance to continue and removed a serious menace to that flank of the Battalion. Throughout the action he set a fine example, and much of the success of the Battalion was due to the skillful handling of his Company.
    Later on during the action, he again led an attack and although wounded, established a line with his Company and supervising the consolidation before permitting the stretcher bearers to carry him to the R.A.P'

    Lt William Waite MC. Recommended for a Bar for his MC (Awarded)
    'For most conspicuous gallantry an devotion to duty in action. During the attack on PERONNE on 1st September 1918 despite strong Enemy wire entanglements and Machine Gun and Artillery Barrage, Lieut. WAITE with his platoon forced a passage through the wire and moved forward to the attack. While the advance was in progress, the enemy was observed to be massing on the left which was an exposed flank, and Lieut. Waite despite heavy casualties brought his Platoon into action in the open and inflicted so many casualties in the enemies ranks that he was forced to disperse and allow the advance to continue.
    In the second attack all the Officers of his Company became casualties, and he assumed command, and established posts well forward, which he successfully held until ordered to withdraw by the Commanding Officer [Lieutenant Colonel Cheeseman].
    He displayed the utmost gallantry, and such disregard of personal safety throughout, that he won the admiration of all ranks.'

    3261 CSM (WO.II) Samuel Frank Cooling MM. Recommended for a Bar to his MM (Never Awarded)
    'This NCO has been with the Battalion since its formation and has at all times displayed the utmost gallantry, initiative and constant good work both in and out of the line.
    He did valuable work on patrols on the SOMME 1916-17 and was badly wounded at BULLECOURT in May 1917
    In POLYGON WOOD in September 1917 he showed great dash, courage and initiative. Although wounded on the tapes he went forward, urging his men on, showing utter disregard for his own personal safety, his conduct helping greatly towards the success of the operation.
    At PERONNE in September 1918, CSM Cooling again set a fine example to his men, being wounded at the beginning of the operation he carried on, and when his platoon officer (Lt Anslow) was killed he took command till the objective was reached.'

    3582 Sgt James Patrick Joseph Sullivan. Recommended for the MM (Never Awarded)
    'In the attack on PERONNE on the morning of the 1st September, Sergeant Sullivan took his platoon into action and remained in command throughout the attack. He displayed very high powers of leadership and maintained complete control of his command throughout. He took every opportunity of reorganizing his platoon as casualties occurred and by utter disregard for his own personal safety set a splendid example to his men, into whom he infused a spirit of absolute confidence in their leader.
    On reaching the final objective he rendered very valuable assistance to his Company Commander during the organization of his Company.'

    5474 LCpl Amos John Turner. Recommended for the MM (Awarded)
    'In the recent attack on PERONNE on the 1st September 1918, this N.C.O. showed great coolness and daring in working his Lewis Gun. Throughout the action he kept up a constant fire although he himself was subjected to heavy machine gun and artillery fire, and inflicted a large number of casualties on the enemy. In the latter part of the advance he was severely wounded in the shoulder and also had the Butt blown off his gun. However, he still continued in action until loss of blood and weakness forced him leave the line for medical attention.'

    2474 LCpl Richard Quantrill. Recommended for the MM (Awarded)
    'In the attack on PERONNE on 1st September 1918 this N.C.O. rendered the greatest assistance to his Company Commander in controlling and reorganising his section. When the objective was reached he took charge of an isolated post on the Left Flank displaying splendid powers of leadership and control. Under heavy artillery and machine gun fire he assisted in digging out several men who had been buried by shells and helped attending to the wounded.
    At all times he set a splendid example to the men of his Platoon.'

    4852 LCpl Albert Edward Lonsdale Smith. Recommended for the MM (Awarded)
    'For conspicuous courage and coolness in action during the attack on PERONNE on 1st September 1918. This N.C.O. when in Charge of a Lewis Gun displayed great initiative in the early part of the advance in supplying covering fire for his Platoon. During the greater part of the advance he used his gun from the hip and was successful in gaining superiority of fire thus enabling his platoon to advance. Later while covering the consolidation of his Company he was almost surrounded by the enemy; however he brought his gun into action and was successful in beating them off. He kept his gun firing until it was put out of action by a direct hit. Smith at once returned to his Company, procured another gun and brought it into action inflicting great losses on the enemy and silencing two enemy Machine Guns.'

    2247 LCpl Oscar William Smith. Recommended for the DCM (Awarded)
    'For conspicuous gallantry and determination in action at Peronne, 1 September, 1918. He was sent to get in touch with the brigade on the left, and had to cross open ground swept by machine gun fire. On the way he was held up by a machine gun post, which opened fire. He at once shot the observer, killed the crew of six, and captured the gun.'

    5380 Signaller Arthur John Hopkins. Recommended for a DCM (Awarded MM)
    'For conspicuous gallantry during the attack on PERONNE on 1st September 1918. During the early stages of the attack an Enemy 77.mm. gun was captured with a large supply of ammunition. He helped another man to work this gun having first ascertained how to detonate the shells, and fire the gun, despite the fact that the enemy immediately opened up with heavy artillery and machine gun fire directed against them, and despite the fact that owing to their being no method of cleaning the gun there was great danger of the barrel bursting. The fire from this gun was brought to bear on a quarry on the left flank of the Battalion, where the enemy were assembling, apparently with a view to a counter attack, and such heavy casualties were caused that they were forced to disperse. The action of this man contributed largely to the success of the operation as the Left Flank of the Battalion at that time was in a very exposed position, and if a counter attack had been launched there would have been grave risk of the Battalion being cut off.'

    In a Special Order posted by Lieutenant-Colonel Cheeseman on December 13th, 1918, it announced all the awards for the Peronne stunt. There was a VC, DSO, 2 bars to MC, 6 MCs, 7 DCMs, 2 bars to MM and 19 MMs. Of these, members of D Coy were awarded..
    1 Bar to MC - Lieutenant Waite MC
    1 MC - Captain Lindsay
    2 DCMs - LCpl Weatherby, Pte Oscar Smith
    5 MMs - CSM Lineham, Sgt Croker, LCpl Brickie Smith, LCpl Quantrill, Sig Hopkins, 

    In the days following Peronne, Lieutenant Hill would return from his leave, assuming command of his platoon once more. On September 4th at the bivouacs at Herrecourt, the General Officer Commanding 5th Division, with Brigadier-General 14th Brigade inspected and addressed the men of the 53rd Battalion with great praise in respect of the actions at Morlancourt and Peronne. The following day saw a thunderstorm roll onto them whilst they moved their bivouacs. By this time, the Battalion stood at 23 officers and 281 men. On September 7th whilst the Battalion was camped at Le Mesnil, Major Lucas and Lieutenant Waite went back to Peronne to check that all battalion dead were buried. It had turned out that the 1st Brigade had been bivouacked at Peronne and had buried all the dead. On September 12th, a few German planes were spotted overhead- 2 were shot down and 3 turned tail and ran. On that same day, some machine gun practice took place during which time 'D' Coy's 5343 Private Beech was accidentally killed by a live bullet mixed in a machine gun belt. On September 26th, some 2 weeks after the aerial attack, Lieutenant-Colonel Cheeseman called a conference of all Company Commanders. During this conference, the Colonel outlined an upcoming stunt to come in the following days. At 7:30pm the following day, the Battalion marched out of Le Mesnil and moved towards a place near Hervilly.

    On September 30th, Colonel Cheeseman was sent away to a conference at 3am on an upcoming attack that was to occur later that day. WilsonMC.png.94ddc3a29294a596a15a6cf4522f20da.pngWith zero hour fixed for 6am, they were expected to step off at below adequate fighting strength. The Battalion’s 4 Companies were instead now 2 to keep up to adequate strength for an upcoming stunt. As a result, ‘C’ and ‘D’ Company became a composite company under Captain William George Wilson MC (pictured to left); Wilson had been commanding ‘C’ Company since shortly after Peronne. ‘A/B’ Company was to fall under the command of Captain Charles Jhonson MC. Captain William Wilson was a Melbournian School Teacher in the pre-war period, obtaining a commission in the 24th Battalion in 1916. He joined the 53rd in November 1916 but went to the newly formed 61st Battalion in England as a Lieutenant. Gassed in March 1918, he scored a Military Cross at Morlancourt. The Battalion passed the jump-off point just a few minutes past 6am; the role of ‘C/D’ Company was ‘that of mopping up the (Bellicourt) Tunnel and vicinity’. On the advance to the tunnel, the company came under intense machine gun and artillery fire. Captain Wilson ably led his Company past the first line of trenches at 9am, before he was shot through the neck (severing his windpipe) with a machine gun bullet. He fell, his death almost instantaneous. Around this time, Lieutenant Hill was leading his platoon on the left flank of the company, but due to heavy casualties being taken he was eventually separated from the company, leaving himself and 6 of his men isolated on that flank of the line. It is said that he continued the advance with merely Sergeants Smith, Callaghan and Quantrill, a Corporal and 2 other men to avoid the flank of the battalion collapsing. After a short advance they were met with a most unusual sight- a machine gun strong post which was pouring enfilading fire on the battalion. Lieutenant Hill didn’t hesitate; he personally led a skeleton charge against the post, killing 20 Germans and capturing 3 machine guns. It was only a very short time before he became a double entrance dugout which had machine guns on each entrance.. Lieutenant Hill, assisted by Sergeant Charlie Smith, collected a few stick grenades and gallantly ran towards the bunker with revolver in hand, shooting 3 men along the way and lobbing grenades all the while. When the smoke cleared, he had killed 15 along the way basically singlehandedly, also capturing 2 machine guns. He then received immediate orders to assist ‘A/B’ Company at the Le Catalet Trench System at around 2pm. Upon reaching said location, he ‘commenced bombing up the trench, and cleared it for a distance of 600 yards’ with Private Charlie Baker leading as the 'bayonet man'. He and five men in that bombing party had killed 20 odd and captured 7 machine guns, however was obliged to withdraw 200 yards when he was too far from the line. Upon falling back, he established a vital bomb block at around 3pm with the valuable assistance of Sergeants Smith and Dick Callaghan whilst Corporal Reg Lyons watched from afar, providing support along with Sergeant William Smith. The bomb block is listed at location A.22.d.45.65. The bomb block was held until midnight. During the action, Lieutenant Hill is also listed to have captured 2 German 77mm field guns.

    The men of that party were-
    Lt Reg Hill [Officer Commanding]
    Sgt Charlie Smith [awarded DCM]
    Sgt Dick Callaghan [awarded DCM]
    Sgt Richard Quantrill [awarded MM]
    T/Cpl Charlie Taylor [awarded MM]
    LCpl William Borserio [recommended MM]
    Pte Charlie Baker [recommended MM]
    *It is confusing as to how many men were involved due to confliction of stories, however I believe it was only 1 officer and 6 men that were involved in that 'charge', per citations.

    On October 1st, Lieutenant Hill, Sergeant Quantrill and a handful of other ranks went out on patrol to find the German line. They were successful in this, also locating some German machine gun posts in the process; in that daylight patrol, no one was wounded despite coming under machine gun fire. At 9:30pm on October 2nd, the Battalion was relieved by the 6th Inniskilling in the line. At the end of it, Lieutenant Hill was the subject of many letters. Lieutenant Cooke, Sergeants Quantrill, Charlie Smith and one of the Corporals involved all sent in recommendations to Colonel Cheeseman. As a result of his exemplary gallantry, Lieutenant Hill was given a DSO for his actions, and the others involved duly decorated.

    Hill2.PNG.7702c862972420acad05b690f43d6318.PNG
    Then-Second Lieutenant Hill. Dated perhaps 1916-17. 

    On October 3rd, the Battalion buried Captain Wilson MC, Lieutenant Althouse and Second Lieutenant Ralph MM at Tincourt. Also, Captain Jhonson MC, OC of ‘A/B’ Company was to die of wounds sustained in the action on October 2nd, 1918. Despite the casualties, spirits were apparently high whilst the battalion billeted at Villeret. The following day, Lieutenant-Colonel Cheeseman MC addressed the troops, thanking them for their effort in the battle just a few days prior. Reorganization is said to have taken place during this time. On October 5th, they winded up at Le Mesnil then onto St Maxent on October 7th. Upon arrival at St Maxent, the Battalion stood at 24 Officers and 306 Other Ranks. For nearly a week it rained on the Battalion in varying strength until the clouds cleared on October 13th. Around this time, Lieutenant Justin Cooke, 53rd Battalion was appointed Captain which coincided with his taking command of ‘D’ Company, 53rd Battalion in October 1918. He had started out as a recently-married Second Lieutenant in 1915 with the 8th Battalion in Victoria and had worked his way up to Captain with only one wound stripe on his sleeve for a gas attack in April 1918.

    Cooke.PNG.d30f9a688dfb14194b075d3d0d336eeb.PNG
    The then-Lieutenant Justin Cooke, whilst with a Training Battalion in England.

    For the rest of October 1918, inter-battalion competitions took place with men from each company representing their companies. Decides from that, the war diary states ‘(St Maxent) is mostly without extraordinary incident’. This is a bit of an understatement- On October 5th, Sergeant Croker was admitted to hospital with Broncho-Pneumonia. He succumbed some 9 days later. He was later awarded an MM and Bar for actions at Peronne and Bellicourt. He was the last wartime casualty for D Company before the armistice.

    On October 22nd, the strength of the Battalion was depleted and stood at 27 Officers and 289 Other Ranks. Lieutenant-Colonel Cheeseman saw the positives of the depleted numbers by stating ‘it is possible to train every man (on) the Lewis Gun, and the Battalion in consequence is becoming a Battalion of Lewis Gunners, which is most useful knowledge to have in case of emergency’. By the turn of the month the battalion had only risen to 29 Officers and 328 Other Ranks. On November 8th the ‘Miss Lina Ashwells Concert Party’ performed a few sketches for the Battalion in St Maxent. On November the 11th, 1918, Colonel Cheeseman paraded the battalion under unknown pretenses. He began reading parts of Prince Litchnowsky’s disclosures showing why Germany was to blame for the war, and commented at the end as a side note “By the way, hostilities will cease at 11am today”. Everyone was rejoicing, less a few who didn’t believe that it was actually over. When the whole village found out, ‘the village immediately became almost festive with bunting’.

    The surviving members of ‘D’ Company, 53rd Battalion were photographed with merely 5 officers* and 42 men with their appropriate webbing on. At the end of the war, soldiers of the Company returned home and were subsequently discharged in 1919/20, returning to civilian life.
    *One of the officers may be Temporary Company Sergeant Major Lineham

    DCoy.png.4af12bfe34002e2597040537f85678b5.png
    Identified is Lieutenant William Waite MC (Later Bar); second from front, sixth from left. Also identified is Lieutenant Justin Cooke who is on Waite’s left shoulder with a tall posture.

    It is worth noting that Lieutenant Rupert Dent, who had been wounded at Peronne on September 1st was getting acquainted with Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon; later known as the Queen Mother to most. He met her whilst he was recuperating at Glamis Castle in Scotland and they became good friends and very fond of eachother. They took walks in the garden and taught Elizabeth a thing or two. When Rupert was to be Returned to Australia, Elizabeth's mother wrote in a letter ‘I want to thank you for the good advice you gave my Elizabeth. I profited by it even more than she did. I needed it more than she does. Do let us hear from you from time to time. We shall never forget you’. Dent destroyed the letters to avoid embarrassment however his family still knew about it all. When he was asked by his children about how close they were, Rupert responded ‘Well, we took lots of long walks together. A gentleman doesn't tell’. In 2013, surviving letters of the affair were found in an old drawer and later sold for the large sum of $3600 AUD.

    A final bit worth of mention; Company Sergeant Major Samuel Cooling MM had joined the 53rd Battalion in Egypt in 1916. He then served at Fromelles where he was wounded; later wounded at Polygon Wood; then wounded on April 17th during an attack; then finally wounded at Peronne. He had been wounded at every major attack committed by the 53rd Battalion with the exceptions of the quiet period at Le Transloy, the battle near Bellicourt and actions on August 8th 1918. He finished the war with 4 wound stripes to his name.

    At wars end, the officers and men of the 53rd Battalion had 1 VC, 5 DSO’s, 24 MCs and 3 bars, 28 DCMs, 76 MMs and 4 bars, 4 MSMs, 20 MiDs per the AWM Of these numbers, atleast 1 DSO, 2 MCs [1 bar], 5 DCMs and 12 MMs [1 bar] are known to have been awarded to the officers and men of ‘D’ Company. The Battalion had also suffered a total of 657 dead- either from Killed in Action, sickness, missing, etc. Of that number, atleast 86 can be accounted for from ‘D’ Company.

    Survivors of ‘D’ Company
    Former53rdBattalion.png.0cc0f9d38edefddb51cdc7e6996cb0b1.png

    Below are the names of those who served in the Company throughout the war who survived the war. Ofcourse this list may not be completely accurate but it paints a perspective.

    Note: This list is those who I have confirmed to have served in ‘D’ Company at one point or another.

    Captain Robert Ramsay MC, MiD (1888-1965) - A few misgivings in the interwar period. Rejoined in the Second World War, becoming a Major. He was involved in the Cowra Breakout and shortly thereafter resigned his commission. Died May 23rd 1976

    Captain William Frederic Lindsay MC, ED (1880-1940) - stayed in the Militia, gaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and an ED. His men respected him greatly. Died June 11th 1940

    Captain Justin Sidney Cooke (1888-1949) - Born in England however immigrated when he was a baby. He married in 1915 and was a Victorian. Gassed in April 1918 and rose to command the Company. Died July 25th 1949.

    Captain Albert Edward Jackson MC (1894-1955) - Started out as a Private soldier, rising to the rank of Captain. Served in the Second War at home as a Major. Died July 25th 1955.

    Lieutenant William Waite MC and Bar (1888-1976) - Became a farmer and suffered many hardships with the terrible land. Rejoined in the Second World War as a Lieutenant in ‘C’ Company, 8th Garrison Battalion; his divisional commander was General Murray- a former 53rd Battalion officer. Died August 28th 1976

    Lieutenant Rupert Octavius Dent (1890-1982) - Whilst recuperating in England met the Queen’s Mother and made friends with her. CMF Captain during the Second World War, serving at home. Died December 31st 1982.

    Lieutenant Reginald Valentine Hill DSO, MiD (1892-1928) - Being gassed and wounded led to his early death. Died August 15th 1928

    Lieutenant James Patrick Joseph Sullivan (1893-1965) - Recommended for Officer Training and also for an MM at Peronne. Given the King's Commission 5/1/1919. Died August 16th 1965

    [14 Plt] Lieutenant Robert Arthur ‘Roy’ Lee (1893-1956) - Joined the Battalion in June ‘17, spending the best (latter) half of 1918 at schools. Died September 8th 1956.

    Company Sergeant Major Samuel Frank Cooling MM (1890-1977) - CSM from 15/1/1918 after the death of CSM Loney at Polygon Wood. Wounded 4 times, probably more than anyone else in the Company. Later Second World War VDC Lieutenant. Died July 9th 1977

    Temporary Company Sergeant Major Cuthbert Claude Lineham MM (1892-1971) - T/CSM after CSM Cooling wounded at Peronne, also scored the MM at Peronne. Settled in Canberra; Died May 29th 1971

    Company Quartermaster Sergeant Daniel Madden DCM (1888-1934) - Settled in Wellington and then Dubbo as a Barman after the war. Died September 20th 1934

    Company Quartermaster Sergeant Sydney Denison Campbell MiD (c.1880-a.1954) - Experienced soldier by the time of the war. Died after 1954

    Private Harley Augustus Rudd (1882-1960) - Died in 1960.

    Sergeant James Joseph Fox MM (1891-1941) - MM for Morlancourt. Died October 2nd, 1941

    Private James Marshall (1899-1959) - Diarist; was only 17 when he enlisted in 1916. Enlisted into the AFC in 1920, then RAAF in 1921, discharged 1928. Enlisted as a Flying Officer in a Second World War RAAF; Home Service. Died July 10th 1959

    [15 Plt] Private John/Joseph Samuel Carlisle (1893-1961) - Died April 12th 1961

    Private George St Clair Griffin (1893-1950) - Diarist. Found work as Boatshed Proprietor. Died July 23rd 1950

    Sergeant Francis William Thompson (1885-1940) - T/CSM after CSM Cooling gassed on 17/4/1918. Died 1940

    Sergeant John Laing (1875-1947) - RAN Officer 39-45. Died in 1947

    [15 Plt] Sergeant Charles Smith DCM (1895-?) - Recommended for a DCM and MM for actions in late 1918. Unsure on fate.

    Sergeant Norman Cresswell Ruddel Condell (1895-1972) - Former Light Horseman; in 1954 he was a Farmer in Wagga Wagga. Died October 10th 1972

    [14 Plt] Private Herbert George Delaney (1895-1961) - Originally 1st Pioneer Battalion and a '17 man. Died sometime in 1961.

    Company Sergeant Major (or Sergeant) Frank Charles Linaker (1897-1955) - AWL at Durban on 10/9/1919 and was tried by Court Martial whilst on RTA. Acquitted. Found work as a Police Constable. Died June 22nd 1955

    Sergeant Reginald Armand Lyons MM (?-?) - MM for Bellicourt.

    Sergeant John Timothy Doherty (1886-1955) - Worked as Labourer prior to the war. Died June 14th 1955

    Sergeant David William Levy (1894-1956) - Served in the Second World War. Died January 10th 1956

    Corporal Charles Taylor MM (1894/1897-?) - MM at Bellicourt on 30/9/1918 to 2/10/1918. Died sometime after 1960.

    [15 Plt] Corporal Thomas Rawson (1889 - 1966) - Wounded in Action 26/3/1918 and invalided home. Died November 11th 1966

    Sergeant Richard Quantrill MM (1892-?) - Later found work at the Civil Transport Office at Dar-as-Salaam in Tanganyika. Last recorded at said location in October 1920. Unsure when he died.

    Corporal James Henry Harrop MM (1894-1944) - Won the MM at Bullecourt. Died May 30th or June 1st 1944

    Lance Corporal Erle Russell Ewin (1896-1959) - Settled in Blayney after the war. Died April 22nd 1959

    [HQ Plt] Signaller Arthur John Hopkins MM (1886-1945) - MM for Peronne, manning a field gun with Crank DCM. Died May 20th 1945

    [HQ Plt] Private Clive Barberie (1899-1974) - Stretcher Bearer with 'D' Coy. Died 1974

    Lance Corporal Albert Victor Stimson (1890-1979) - Lived in Cabramatta/Canley Vale in the interwar period. Died December 10th 1979

    [HQ Plt?] Lance Corporal Albert Edward Lonsdale ‘Brickie’ Smith MM (1888-1964) - Recommended for a DCM at Peronne however got an MM instead for manning a Lewis Gun. Re-enlisted for the Second World War, retired to Bega. Died December 8th 1964

    [HQ Plt] Private Hector Allan Ingram (1891-1969) - Died November 14th 1969

    Temporary Corporal John Charles Varcoe (1897-1986) - After the war he became a drover, breaking horses. Settled in Boggabri, NSW. Died September 18th 1986

    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal Stewart Gideon McGlashan (1897-1964) - Found work as a carpenter after the war. Died June 5th 1964

    Private John James Baker (1891-1971) - Postwar Timberworker. Died December 22nd 1971

    Lance Corporal Eli Bramall (1889-1973) - Carpenter postwar; Died February 8th 1973

    [13 Plt] Second Corporal Leonard Robert Fookes (1896-1949) - Wounded in April 1918 and transferred to Provosts. Died August 4th 1949

    Private Alfred Abbiss (1882-1968) - Horse Driver. Enlisted for the Second World War. Died August 20th 1968

    Lance Sergeant Arthur Lawrence Harrison (1893-1970) - Captured at Fromelles 19/7/1916. Died July 19th 1970

    [13 Plt] Private John Robinson Wylie (1898-?) - Died after 1932 

    [HQ Plt?] Private Robert James Bassett (1880-1924) - Pioneer with D Coy. Died of War Injuries (Gassed) February 11th 1924

    [14 Plt] Private Frederick Arthur Hollands (1899-1927) - Underaged. Died in 1927

    Private Henry John Walter Phillips (1894-1962) - Died August 2nd 1962

    [15 Plt] Private George James Fyvie (1891-1940) - Died September 29th 1940

    Private William John Gillman (1896-1963) - Died March 11th 1963.

    [16 Plt] Private James Stephen Johnson (1885-1947) - Died October 10th 1947

    Lance Sergeant James William Haines MM (1890-1960) - MM for Morlancourt. Died August 31st 1960

    Private Robert Sinclair Fitzsimmons (1899-1985) - Transferred to AMC. Served in the Second War. Died December 13th 1985

    Sergeant Richard Leslie ‘Dick’ Callaghan DCM (1893-1937) - DCM for Bellicourt. Died October 30th 1937

    Private James Alfred Amey (1896-1971) - Later transferred to the 3rd Battalion. Died July 18th 1971

    [14 Plt] Private John Thomas Black (1891-?) - Untraceable.

    [16 Plt] Private Herbert George Radford (1891-1962) - Served in the Second War in the 11th Garrison Battalion. Died July 1st 1962

    Driver Frederick Francis Riley (1892-?) - Untraceable

    Corporal Thomas Charles Akeroyd (1881-1942) - Died in 1942

    Private John Bateman (1891-?) - Untraceable

    Private Patrick O’Malley (1885-1938) - Died February 5th 1938

    Lance Corporal William Keith ‘Bill’ Wilson (1895-1965) - Died May 20th 1965

    [15 Plt] Private Jack Temp (1898-?) - Fate Unknown

    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal James Denston (1890-1942) - Died October 5th 1942

    Private Joseph Essex Hodges (1881-1958) - Died November 1st 1958

    Private Harry George Walker (1885-1932) - Died in 1932

    Private Alexander Wright (1881-?) - Untraceable

    Lance Corporal Edward Clarence Skelley (1890-1950) - Charged with Manslaughter in 1909 (bail). Died January 4th 1950

    Private Edward Wallace Waites (1894-1968) - Married in England in 1918. Died April 13th 1968

    [15 Plt] Private William John Simmons (1876-?) - Tram Conductor and a Kiwi.

    Corporal Henry James Rumbelow (1891-1979) - Died in 1979

    Private Henry William ‘Bill’ Ough (1892-1973) - Died February 20th 1973

    Sergeant John O’Driscoll (1881-?) - Died after 1935

    [16 Plt] Lance Corporal Arthur Ernest Stonestreet (1896-1990) - Probably last surviving ‘D’ Company digger. Died March 22nd 1990

    Corporal Claude William Harris (1899-?) - Died after 1960

    Lance Corporal Robert Steele Miller (1881-?) - Died after 1924

    Private Carl Magnus Thorston Synnerdahl (1893-1956) - Died March 16th 1956

    [15 Plt] Private William Walter Jarman (1898-1950) - Died June 17th 1950

    Private Cecil Henry Blane (1896-1928) - Died July 18th 1928

    Lance Corporal Amos John Leslie Turner MM (1893-1981) - MM at Peronne manning a Lewis Gun whilst badly shot up. Died May 23rd 1971

    [15 Plt] Private Bernard Aloysius Daly (1897-1971) - Died March 17th 1971

    Private James Donald Black MM, MiD (1892-?) - MM at Bellicourt. Second World War WO2; Pacific theatre and MiD. Died after 1946

    [15 Plt] Corporal George Watson (1888-1935) - Died August 22nd 1935 

    Private Charles Melton (1868-1945) - Died October 5th 1945

    [15 Plt] Private William Walmsley (1891-1963) - Died November 16th 1963

    Private Harris Page (1891-1951) - Died March 12th 1951

    Private James Henry Wigginton (1897-1944) - Died in 1944

    Private Albert Victor Payne (1895-1932) - Invalided 1917. Died September 22nd 1932

    Private Walter Sealy Joseph Welsh (1896-1978) - Invalided 1917. Died in 1978

    Private Joseph Henry Goodman (1894-1970) - Died May 5th 1970

    Private Harry Walker Rigby Knight (1892-1953) - A British-born soldier. Was in the Second War as CMF. Died August 18th 1953

    [14 Plt] Private Joseph Owen Duffecy (1888-1956) - Died May 10th 1956

    [HQ Plt] Private Sidney Francis Griffiths (1879-1958) - Company Runner. Died March 5th 1958

    Private Frederick George Smith (1899-1956) - Died in 1956

    [16 Plt] Sergeant Norman Leonard Mawson (1888-1949) - Commanded 16 Plt during Nov 1916. Invalided 1917. Died April 12th 1949

    [16 Plt] Private Jack Bass (1895-?) - Died after 1945

    [16 Plt] Private John Semple MM (1888-1953) - Died August 24th 1953

    Private Michael Lennon (1875-1934) - Died September 18th 1934

    Private Patrick Joseph O’Brien (1892-1964) - Died June 8th 1964

    Private George Henry Kingsmill (1897-1974) - Later 5th MG Btn. Died May 19th 1974

    [16 Plt] Lance Corporal Frank Weitzel (1886-1971) - Invalided 1918. Died September 21st 1971

    [14 Plt] Private John Claude McGrogan (1896-1971) - Recommended for an MM at Peronne. Died June 6th 1971

    Private Patrick Seymour Allan (1897-?)  - Recommended for an MM at Peronne. Possibly Private Jerome Patrick Seymour Allan (1899-1978); else fate unknown

    [HQ Plt] Corporal Henry Hubbert DCM (1883/1887-1958) - DCM for Polygon Wood. One of 'D' Coy's Stretcher Bearer. Died August 25th 1958

    Private Oliver John Jones (1890-1958) - Died March 16th 1958

    Private Charles Arthur Jones (1893-1955) - Invalided out after Bullecourt wounding. Died August 7th 1955

    Private Claude Evans (1893-1972) - Later served in the Second World War at home. Died November 24th 1972

    Private Forbes George White (1887-1958) - Later served in the Second War at home. Died June 16th 1958

    Lance Sergeant Andrew Alfred Porter (1896-1977) - Died May 3rd 1977

    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal Frederick Alfred Baber (1892-1959) - Died May 13th 1959

    Private Joseph Taylor (1884-?) - Before enlisting he was a Miner. Died after 1920

    Private Arthur George Whiteford (1884-1959) - Served in the Second War at home. Died October 9th 1959

    [16 Plt] Private Thomas Arthur 'Art' White (1890-1971) - Died April 22nd 1971

    Private Reginald Andrew Hamilton (1891-1935) - Died November 7th 1935

    [16 Plt] Private George Thomas Ellison (1893-1924) - Died November 15th 1924

    Lance Corporal Charles Joseph Roberts (1893-?) - Invalided 1917. Died after 1963

    [14 Plt] Corporal Arthur Oxley Crassingham (1894-1980) - Commanded 6 Section of 14 Platoon at Fromelles. Died March 21st 1980

    [HQ Plt] Private William Henry Haile (1894-1942) - Signaller, Coy HQ. Died July 28th 1942

    Private Arthur Rupert Pike (1891-1934) - Court martialled twice over. Died November 19th 1934

    Corporal James Sylvester Lewis McDonald (1891-1935) - Invalided 1918. Settled in Hornsby Died September 7th 1935

    Private Nathaniel Thomas Wheatley (1893-1977) - Died January 30th 1977

    Corporal Oscar William Smith DCM (1891-1967) - DCM for Peronne as a runner, later served in the Second War. Died July 31st 1967

    [14 Plt] Private Daniel Michael Regan (1900-1968) - Born 1900 (Claimed 1897) Enlisted 1915 and discharged Underaged 1917. Died April 15th 1968

    Private Stanley Alick Dalton (1894-1968) - Shell shocked. Died April 30th 1958

    Sergeant Gilbert Alderton (1894-?) - Invalided 1918 after being wounded in May ‘18. Died after discharge.

    Corporal Dougald Fittar Stanton (1889-1975) - Captured at Fromelles. Died September 1st 1975

    Lance Corporal Thomas Kilroy (c.1890-?) - Untraced

    Private Cecil Ernest Vircoe (1899-1966) - Died November 10th 1966.

    [16 Plt] Private Raymond Lyness Cameron (1894-1967) - Original 1914 man [7LHR]. Died November 10th 1967

     

     

    Honor Roll for ‘D’ Company

    Burial.png.9af402b8112ea3a0454f8c4cb4aa9114.png
    Burial party for those of the 53rd Battalion Killed in Action at Peronne on September 1st, 1918. Dated September 21st, 1918.


    Note: This list is those who I have confirmed to have served in ‘D’ Company at one point or another.

    Captain Charles Arblaster (OC Coy); Died of Wounds July 24th 1916 (PoW)
    Captain William George Wilson MC (OC Coy); Killed in Action September 30th 1918
    [16 Plt] Lieutenant Roy Anslow (OC 16Plt); Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [15 Plt] Lieutenant William Edward Noble (OC 15Plt); Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Second Lieutenant Charles Edward Mudge (OC 14Plt); Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Second Lieutenant Beresford Joseph Nelson (OC 16Plt); Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Second Lieutenant Albert Edward Cooper (Acting OC Coy); Killed in Action March 29th 1917
    Coy Sgt Major Frederick William Loney; Killed in Action September 26th 1917
    Sergeant Austral Hunter Burns; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Sergeant William Stephen Taylor; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [13 Plt] Sergeant John William Camp; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [HQ Plt] Sergeant Jack Everard Burns Croker MM and Bar; Died of Illness October 14th 1918
    Sergeant Charles Stevens Hill; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Sergeant Roy Gordon Barrack; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Corporal Wilfred James Rose; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [16 Plt] Corporal Archie Ferdinand Hayward; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    Corporal James Gilroy Wilcox; Killed in Action September 27th 1917
    [15 Plt] Corporal Joseph Lahiff; Died of Illness/Wounds October 23rd 1918
    Corporal John Beresford Bryson; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [15 Plt] Lance Corporal Harry Kelly; Killed in Action April 6th 1918
    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal Peter Alexander Thompson; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal John Frederick Keith Comb; Killed in Action March 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal Charles Thomas Clarke; Died of Wounds March 31st 1917
    Lance Corporal William John Grove; Died of Wounds October 1st 1918
    [16 Plt] Lance Corporal Clarence Lancelot Upton; Died of Wounds September 1st 1918
    [16 Plt] Lance Corporal William Picken Barrie; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Lance Corporal Joseph O’Rourke; Killed in Action October 20th 1917
    [14 Plt] Private James Albert Ahern; Died of Wounds April 27th 1918
    [16 Plt] Private William Maitland Douglas Masson; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [16 Plt] Private Henry Masson; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Percy Gladstone Moate; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Private Percy Edward Sowter; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Private George Craig; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Private Sylvester James Gollan; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Private Hector Adams; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [13 Plt] Private James Edward Adams; Killed in Action March 29th 1917
    Private David Roylstone Leslie Abbott; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [13 Plt] Private James Lawrence; Killed in Action September 27th 1917
    Private Robert Henry Scott; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [16 Plt] Private Robert Thomas Logan; Killed in Action September 23rd 1917
    Private Hector Francis Bowen Trevena; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    Private Harry Turner; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Private Sidney Richard Pratt; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Private Alfred Ernest Main; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Private Arthur Turner; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Private Stanley Johnson Mears; Killed in Action March 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Private George Roland James Hill; Killed in Action March 1st 1918
    [13 Plt] Private Ralph Pendleton; Killed in Action March 1st 1918
    Private Nicholas Mainger; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Private William Bernard Tier (att. HQ Coy); Killed in Action December 20th 1916
    Private James Youman; Killed in Action September 30th 1918
    [14 Plt] Private Sydney Alexander Meloy; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Private/Signaller John Victor Wright; Killed in Action September 26th 1917
    Private Frederick William Alexander Smith; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Private Thomas Henry Kidd; Killed in Action November 1st 1916
    Private William Howard Birch; Killed in Action September 24th 1917
    Private Claude George Coote; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [14 Plt] Private William Crossman; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Private Norman Charles Edgely; Died of Wounds July 7th 1918
    [15 Plt] Private Reginald Ignatius Edgeworth; Killed in Action October 20th 1917
    [14 Plt] Private Eric Manning Baker; Killed in Action September 27th, 1917
    Private Archibald Patrick Lannen; Killed in Action September 23rd 1917
    [14 Plt] Private Charles Hollingshead Fryer; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [15 Plt] Private Fines Henry Godding; Killed in Action September 30th 1918
    Private Frederick William Beech; Accidentally Killed September 12th 1918
    Private John Henry Alfred Coe; Killed in Action March 29th 1917
    Private Cecil Grant; Killed in Action March 29th 1917
    [14 Plt] Private Patrick Joseph Carey; Killed in Action September 23rd 1917
    Private Frederick Alonza Fuller; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [15 Plt] Private John Clarence Christie; Killed in Action April 6th 1918
    Private Patrick Kelly; Captured 6/4/1918; Died September 6th 1918
    [16 Plt] Private Charles George Ries; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Private Bertram Stanley Grice; Died of Wounds October 2nd 1918
    [16 Plt] Private William Hewit; Killed in Action September 23rd 1917
    [14 Plt] Private Ernest William Bradley; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Private Frederick Kafer; Died of Wounds September 1st 1918
    [14 Plt] Private William Herbert Hilbourne; Died of Wounds September 26th 1917
    [16 Plt] Private Joshua Ismay; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    Private Frank Hill; Killed in Action September 26th, 1917
    Private Thomas Henry Kidd; Killed in Action November 1st 1916
    Private Charles John Baker; Died of Influenza March 2nd 1919
    Private Nicholas Mainger; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    Private William Wallace John Pruss; Killed in Action March 13th 1917
    Private Cyril Herbert Read; Killed in Action January 2nd 1917
    Private Ernest Wilkinson Ashton; Killed in Action July 19th 1916
    [16 Plt] Private Joseph Brough Littleton; Killed in Action September 1st 1918
    [HQ Plt] Private (Signaller) William Frederick Ingle; Killed in Action October 19th 1917

  23. Stars, Stripes and Chevrons

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